Kodi Mungatani Kuti Muchotse Mthemphaya Kuchokera Kuzidziwitsira Kapena Kusadziwika Kwambiri?
Kodi kutentha kwa dzuwa kumayambitsa khansa ya m'magazi? Kodi ma radiation ndi otani ndipo mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli otetezeka?
Mwachidule
Mafunde amatha ndipo amayambitsa khansa ya m'magazi , koma tisanawopsyeze, tidzakambirana pang'ono za mtundu wa ma radiation omwe angakhale owopsa. Mitundu ina ya ma radiation imadziwika kuti imayambitsa kansa, pamene ena sali. Tsiku ndi tsiku matupi athu amawoneka ngati ma-radi, zipangizo zamankhwala, mafilimu, mafoni, mafilimu, komanso mazira a dzuwa, koma sikuti aliyense amabadwa ndi khansa ya m'magazi.
Tiyeni tiyambe posiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma radiation.
Mitundu Yamagetsi
Pali mitundu iwiri yambiri ya ma radiation:
- Mazira osadziwika: - Mtundu uwu wa ma radiation ndi wofooka, ndipo ndi zomwe zimachokera ku foni yanu ndi mawonekedwe anu a pakompyuta. Ngakhale zili ndi nkhawa ndi ma radiation osadziwika, mwachitsanzo, chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha zotupa za ubongo zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito foni zam'manja, chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'magazi chimatengedwa kuti ndi chaching'ono kwambiri.
- Maizoni a dzuwa: Mtundu uwu wa ma radiation, kumbali inayo, uli ndi mphamvu zambiri . Ndipotu, imakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zochotsa zida zina zamagetsi, kuchotsa ma electron kuchokera ku maatomu, ndi kuwononga DNA m'maselo athu omwe angayambitse khansa. Maselo onse m'matupi athu akhoza kuvulala poyerekeza ndi mankhwalawa.
Zomwe Zili ndi Mavuto Odziwika
Miyendo ya dzuwa ikuzungulira ife ndipo ingayambitse khansara. Zotsatira zingaphatikizepo:
- Miyendo yachipatala: x-ray, CT scans, PET kuunika, fupa fupa, mammograms ndi zina
- Fodya: makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito ma radioactive m'nthaka imene amakula
- Kusokoneza zipangizo zamagetsi zowonongeka m'thanthwe ndi nthaka
- Radoni: Radoni ndi galimoto yosasunthika, yopanda mitundu yomwe imatuluka ndi kuwonongeka kwa uranium mu nthaka pansi pa nyumba zathu m'nyumba zathu. Radon ndiyo yachiwiri ya khansa ya m'mapapo chifukwa cha kusuta, koma sichidziwika kwenikweni chomwe chili ndi khansa ya m'magazi
- Kuchita ntchito kumawunikira monga migodi.
- Ngozi za nyukiliya monga zomwe zili ku Chernobyl chomera cha nyukiliya
- Mabomba a atomiki
Kuyeza Miyeso ya Mazira
Asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito mawu awiri oyambirira pokambirana za maulendo a ionication. Izi zimaonedwa kuti ndizofanana. Millisievert (mSV) ndi milligray (mGy). Kwa iwo amene amagwira ntchito pantchito yokhala ndi ma radiation, malire owonetsetsa ndi 50 mSv mu 1 chaka, kapena 100 mSv pa zaka zisanu .
Khansa ya m'magazi ndi mazira oopsa
Khansa ya m'magazi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya khansara yomwe imachitika pambuyo poyang'ana ma radiation ndipo kawirikawiri imapezeka m'zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu. Mitundu ina ya khansa, monga myeloma , ingatenge zaka 15 zokha.
Miyezi yowononga ikupezeka kuti imakhala ndi khansa (kapena yochititsa khansa) patangopita zaka zingapo pambuyo pofufuza X-ray. Asayansi oyambirira anayamba kusunga chithandizo cha matenda pakati pa antchito a radiation ndipo anazindikira kugwirizana pakati pa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi khansa. Posachedwapa, anthu ambiri adziwombera poizungulira pa mabomba a atomiki a Hiroshima ndi a Nagasaki, ogwira ntchito m'migodi ya uranium, ndi anthu omwe anachiritsidwa kuti azitha kuchipatala.
Khansa ya m'magazi ndi Matenda a Zamankhwala
Tikudziwa kuti ma radiation angayambitse khansa .
Nthawi zambiri, chiopsezo ndi chochepa kwambiri komanso chovomerezeka kwathunthu poyerekeza ndi phindu.
Zambiri zomwe timadziwa zimachokera kwa iwo amene adalandira mankhwala a khansa . Mankhwala othandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa m'thupi lino akhoza kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'magazi pang'onopang'ono, koma akhoza kukhala ndi phindu lalikulu pochiza khansayo pakalipano.
Zimakhala zovuta mukamayankhula za mayesero omwe amachitika kwa anthu ambiri - mayesero omwe nthawi zina amakhala nawo (monga ultrasound kapena MRI) omwe sakhala ndi chiopsezo cha khansa. Kuwonetsera kwa ma radiation zamankhwala kwawonjezeka kwambiri ku United States.
Mu 1982 anthu ambiri a ku America anapezeka ndi 0,5 mSv pachaka. Pofika chaka cha 2006 chomwe chinafika ku 3.0 mSv pachaka - kuwonjezeka kwapakati pa 6 kuwonjezeredwa makamaka chifukwa cha ma ARV.
Sitikudziŵa bwino momwe kutulukira kwa dzuwa kuchokera ku mayesero a chidziwitso ndi, koma kuyerekezera kwapangidwa kuchokera pa maonekedwe a bomba la atomiki. Malingaliro awa, amalingalira, molingana ndi FDA, kuti kuwonetsera kwa mSV 10 kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo cha imfa kuchokera ku khansa ndi 1 mu 2000 .
Posachedwapa, pakhala phokoso lochepetsera chiwerengero cha zofunikira za CT, makamaka kwa ana, omwe ali ndi zaka zawo ali pangozi yowonekera poyera.Sungani mafunso awa kuti mudziwe ngati mwana wanu ali ndi CT . Kuti mukhale ndi lingaliro lokhudza kutentha kwa dzuwa mungaonekere, pali zitsanzo zina:
- Ndege ya ndege (kuwala kwa dzuwa) - 0.005 mSV / ora pamlengalenga
- Chida X-ray (2wonekedwe) - 0.10 mSV
- Chifuwa chachikulu cha CT - 8.0 mSV
- Matenda a CT m'mimba - 10.0 mSv
- Mamemogram - 0.7 mSV
Mtetezi Wosatetezeka?
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri omwe amawoneka kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri pa nthawi yochepa, ndi ovuta kuwunika ndi kufufuza, asayansi samadziwa pang'ono za chiopsezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zowonongeka. Tonsefe timakhala ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana tsiku ndi tsiku, koma tonsefe timakhala ndi khansa. Ochita kafukufuku samadziwa kuti ndi kuchuluka kotani kwa dzuwa ndi mafunde omwe amawoneka kuti ndi otetezeka.
Zotsatira:
American Cancer Society. Kodi masewera a x-ray ndi ma gamma amachititsa khansa? Kusinthidwa 02/24/15. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/radiationexposureandcancer/xraysgammaraysandcancerrisk/x-rays-gamma-rays-and-cancer-risk-do-xrays-and-gamma-rays-cause-cancer
Djomina, E. ndi Barilyak, I. "Zachipatala ndi Zamtundu wa Ziphuphu za Mvula" Cytology ndi Genetics 2010. (44) 186-193.
Malo otetezera zachilengedwe. "Chitetezo cha ma Radiation" https://www.epa.gov/radiation#riskofcancer Kusinthidwa 09/16/15.
Bungwe la World Health Organization. (2006) "Zotsatira zaumoyo wa Chernobyl Accident ndi Mapulogalamu apadera a Thanzi Labwino" http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43447/1/9241594179_eng.pdf Kufikira 03/05/16.
Yarbro, J. Carcinogenesis. Ku Yarbro, C., Frogge, M., Goodman, M. ndi Groenwald, S. eds (2000). Unamwino wa khansa: Mfundo ndi machitidwe 5 Ed Jones ndi Bartlett: Sudbury: MA (pp 48-59).