Ngati wokondedwa wanu waloledwa ku chipatala chachikulu cha chipatala, izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda ake ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti awonetsetse bwino zachipatala komanso chithandizo chamankhwala. Chipangizo chodziwikiratu (ICU) chingathenso kutchulidwa kuti chipinda choyang'anira kapena chipatala choyang'anira.
Wokondedwa wanu akhoza kukhala wosasunthika pamaganizo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti matenda ake angasinthe mwadzidzidzi ndipo akhoza kukulirakulira mofulumira.
Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe akudwala kwambiri amafunika kukhala ku ICU kwa kanthaŵi kochepa, mpaka matenda awo atakhazikika mokwanira kuti apititse ku chipatala cha chipatala. Padakali pano, mungafune kudziwa zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera pamene wokondedwa wanu akusamalidwa mu ICU. Mwinanso mutha kudziwa momwe mungaganizire kuti wokondedwa wanu adzakhala wotetezeka mokwanira kuti achotsedwe ku ICU ndikuvomerezedwa ku ward ya chipatala.
Mitundu Yogwirizana Kwambiri Kwambiri
ICU ndi gawo la chipatala kumene odwala amalandira chithandizo chamankhwala chokwanira komanso chisamaliro. Matenda ena amakhalanso ndi ICUs apadera kwa mitundu yambiri ya odwala:
- Neonatal ICU (NICU): Kusamalira ana aang'ono kwambiri kapena asanakwane
- Matenda (PICU): Kwa ana omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chokwanira
- ICU : Njira yeniyeni yosamalira odwala matenda osokoneza ubongo
- Chigawo chachipatala cha C (CCU) : Kusamalira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la mtima
- Surgical ICU (SICU): Kusamalira odwala omwe akuchira opaleshoni
N'chifukwa Chiyani Anthu Ena Amafunika Kuloledwa?
Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu alowe ku ICU, ndipo wokondedwa wanuyo ali ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena izi:
- Kusakhazikika kwachilendo: Odwala omwe sakhala osasunthika omwe amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa pafupi ndi kusintha kwafupipafupi kwa mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amavomerezedwa ku ICU chifukwa ndi malo omwe akuyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mwamsanga ndi kuyankha mwamsanga.
- Amafuna kuthandizira kupuma: Odwala ena ayenera kuloledwa ku ICU chifukwa sangathe kupuma okha ndipo amafuna kupuma kudzera mwa makina, monga mpweya wabwino, kuti apitirize kupuma. Madadi ambiri a chipatala sangathe kuthandizira chisamaliro cha wodwala yemwe ali pa mpweya wothandizira kupuma. Intubation ndi kuika zipangizo zopuma kupuma. Kuchotsa chithandizo chamapiritsi, chomwe chimatulutsidwa, chimakhalapo pamene wodwala amatha kupuma yekha.
- Kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso: Ngati wokondedwa wanu sakudziwa, osamvetsera kapena atakhala ndi chibwenzi , angafunikire kusamalira ICU, makamaka ngati akufunika kuti apite patsogolo. Anthu omwe sadziwa kanthu angakhale akuvutika ndi vuto lalikulu la ubongo kapena mavuto aakulu azachipatala, omwe amafunikira kusamala kwambiri kuti athe kupulumutsidwa.
Mtundu Wosamalitsa Wowonjezera Unaperekedwa
ICU imapereka chithandizo chaumoyo, monga madokotala, anamwino, othandizira othandizira, opaleshoni, ndi akatswiri, kuti athe kupereka chisamaliro chomwe sangathe kupereka mu malo ena:
- Kuwunika ndi kuyang'ana kawirikawiri zizindikiro zofunika: Pamene ali ku ICU, odwala amayang'aniridwa mobwerezabwereza kuposa momwe angakhalire mu chipatala cha nthawi zonse. Zizindikiro zofunika, monga kuthamanga kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi kupuma kwa mpweya, komanso magawo monga oxygen ndi carbon dioxide, angayang'ane mosalekeza ndi zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Ndipo, kuwonjezera pa kuyang'aniridwa kosalekeza, anamwino angathenso kufufuza zizindikiro zofunikira nthawi zambiri mu chipatala chokwanira kuposa momwe angakhalire ku ward ya chipatala nthawi zonse.
- Malo apakati akuwonetsa mfundo zofunika kwambiri zazisonyezo: Pamene wokondedwa wanu akuyang'anira zowonongeka, mphamvu ya magazi ndi kuwerengera kwa mtima kumawoneka pa zipangizo zamagetsi pafupi ndi bedi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma ICU ambili amakhalanso ndi zojambula zomwe zimaonetsa zizindikiro zofunika za odwala kunja kwa chipinda. Izi zimathandiza anamwino kuwerenga zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za odwala ngakhale pamene sali m'chipinda cha odwala, ndikudziwanso kusintha kwakukulu mwamsanga.
- Tsekani kusintha kwa madzi, electrolytes, ndi mankhwala: Kuwonjezera pa kuyang'anitsitsa kwachipatala, ICU ndi malo omwe odwala amatha kulandira njira zochiritsira zowonjezereka komanso zovuta, monga zamadzimadzi ndi electrolytes monga sodium, potaziyamu , calcium, ndi magnesium. Mankhwala amphamvu angapo angapangitse zotsatira zosayembekezereka zomwe zimafuna kuyankha mwamsanga. Mankhwala oterewa amaperekedwa makamaka ku ICU.
- Zitha kukhala ndi njira zina: Njira zina zomwe zingachitidwe pambali ya wodwala sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito padiresi ya chipatala nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt angafunike njira zina zomwe zimafuna malo osabala kuti ateteze matenda, koma izi siziyenera kuchitika m'chipinda choyendetsera ntchito. Njira zimenezi zingathe kuchitidwa bwino mu ICU pamene akupewa kusuntha ndi kusokoneza wodwalayo.
- Zipinda zosatsegula: Zipinda mu ICU sizimatsekedwa. Ngakhale pangakhale mapepala kuti azikhala osabisala, odwala amawonekera ndipo amapezeka kwa anamwino ndi madokotala omwe amagwira ntchito ku chipatala chachikulu. Izi zimathandiza ogwira ntchito zaumoyo kuti azionetsetsa bwino odwala komanso kuti athe kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira ku mavuto aliwonse mwadzidzidzi.
- Odwala ochepa pa namwino: Nthawi zambiri ICU imakhala ndi anamwino ambiri odwala kuposa chipatala cha chipatala nthawi zonse. Izi zimathandiza amwino aliyense kusunga zovuta zambiri za wodwalayo ndikusintha mfundo zamankhwala komanso kupereka mankhwala othandizira odwala.
- Anamwino omwe ali ndi ICU maphunziro ndi zochitika: Kawirikawiri, anamwino ndi othandizira othandiza omwe amagwira ntchito ku ICU amaphunzitsidwa bwino komanso akudziŵa bwino kusamalira odwala a ICU. Nthawi zina, anamwino amatha kusamalira odwala m'madera ena apadera monga CCU kapena PICU. Mu ma ICU ena, namwino wamkulu yemwe amadziŵa makamaka ku chisamaliro cha ICU amayang'anira chisamaliro cha wodwalayo.
- Mungakhale ndi madokotala odziwika a ICU: Nthaŵi zina madokotala omwe amaphunzitsidwa bwino ku ICU amathandizanso ICU. Izi siziri choncho nthawi zonse, koma zimadalira chipatala chilichonse komanso vuto. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wokondedwa wanu ali ndi vuto lalikulu la mtima lofuna kukhala mu CCU, iye akhoza kusamalidwa ndi dokotala yemwe amasamalira makamaka odwala pamene ali mu CCU mpaka atataya ku chipatala chapafupipafupi, kumene dokotala wina adzawasamalira. Komabe, kuchipatala china, dokotala yemwenso yemwe amasamalira wodwalayo ku CCU akupitiriza kusamalira wodwalayo ndi kusamalira chithandizo chamankhwala ngakhale atakhala wathanzi ndikupita kuchipatala chokhazikika. Ndipo zipatala zina ziri ndi dongosolo lomwe limagwirizanitsa njira zonsezo.
Zoletsedwa Zambiri kwa Alendo
Kwa zifukwa zingapo, alendo akuletsedwa kwambiri ku ICU kusiyana ndi chipinda cha chipatala. Zina mwa zifukwa izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kuteteza kufala kwa matenda
- Khalani chete kwa odwala ena chifukwa alibe ukhondo ku ICU
- Kulola wokondedwa wanu kupumula ndikuchira
- Pang'ono ndi malo mu ICU
- Lolani antchito kuti azifufuza kawirikawiri odwala-ogwira ntchito kuchipatala akhoza kuchepetsa mankhwala kapena kuwunika kwa theka la ora kapena apo mpaka alendo atachoka pansi, koma sangathe kutero ku ICU.
Kodi Wokondedwa Wanu Adzatuluka Liti?
Wokondedwa wanu adzakonza bwino kuti achotsedwe ku ICU. Zipatala zina zimakhala ndi gawo limodzi, zomwe zimapereka chisamaliro chapakati kuposa ICU ndikupereka chisamaliro chokwanira kuposa nthawi zonse. Zolinga zoyenera kuchotsedwa ku ICU zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera, kukhazikika kwa zizindikiro zofunika, kuonetsetsa bwino, kusasinthasintha kawirikawiri kuti azisintha madzimadzi a IV, electrolytes, ndi mankhwala, komanso kupirira kwachidwi.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati wokondedwa wanu waloledwa ku chipatala chachikulu, mwinamwake mukuvutika maganizo kwambiri pamene mumakhala osatsimikizika komanso osadziwiratu.
Osati odwala onse ali ofanana, ndipo wokondedwa wanu ndi wapadera. Njira yake yochiritsira ikhoza kukhala yosavuta kapena yovuta kwambiri kuposa ya ena, ndipo nthawi zambiri, matenda omwe amachititsa odwala kuti asamalire chisamaliro cha ICU amachititsa kuti zizindikiro zonsezi zisadziŵike.
Ngakhale kuti pali vuto lalikulu lovomerezeka ku ICU, odwala ambiri amatha kuchoka ku ICU ndikupitirizabe kusamalira chipatala kuchipatala kwa kanthaŵi kochepa, ndipo potsirizira pake amachira matenda awo, ndikusiya chipatala kupita kwawo.
> Chitsime:
> Zhonghua W, Zhong B, Xue J, Kufufuza kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza odwala a ICU ndi njira zambiri zowonongeka: Kuwerengera kwa odwala 1 299 m'zaka 12 zotsatira, 2017 Jul; 29 (7): 602-607.