Lingaliro lakuti mafuta ochepa kwambiri, monga omwe analangizidwa kwa zaka zambiri ndi boma la United States ndi American Heart Association (AHA), amathandiza kwambiri kupewa matenda a atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease tsopano. Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, maphunziro a zachipatala omwe mafuta odyetserako mafuta anali osachepera 25% a makilogalamu a tsiku ndi tsiku alephera kusonyeza mtima wopindulitsa.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, AHA mwakachetechete anatsitsa malingaliro ake a zakudya zochepa.
Komabe, pali zosiyana kwambiri ndi umboni wakuti chakudya chochepa cha mafuta sichingathandize kuthetsa matenda a mtima-chakudya cha Ornish. Zakudya za Ornish (komanso zakudya zofanana) sizongowonjezera mafuta odyetsera zakudya (zopitirira 10 peresenti ya makilogalamu a tsiku ndi tsiku) komanso amafunikanso mafuta aliwonse oledzera omwe amachokera kumayendedwe enieni. M'mabuku onse a zachipatala komanso m'masewero otchuka, zakudya za Ornish zimakhala ngati zatsimikiziridwa bwino kuti zisalepheretsedwe kwa matenda a coronary artery (CAD) komanso kuti zithandize kusintha kwazitsulo zamakono .
Kodi izi ndi zoona? Ngakhale kuti chakudya cha AHA chokhala ndi mafuta choletsa mafuta sichimalepheretsa kudwala matenda a atherosclerosis, kodi zakudya zowonjezera za Ornish-mtundu zimagwira ntchito?
Phunziro la Ornish
Mabuku onse, mawebusaiti, mawonedwe a pa TV, mauthenga, olemba mabuku, zolemba, ndi zina zotero, kuti zonse zogwiritsira ntchito zakudya za Ornish zidzatengedwenso kuchipatala chimodzi, Lifestyle Heart Trial, yomwe inachitidwa m'ma 1980 ndi 1990 ndi Dr Dean Ornish ndi gulu lake ku California Pacific Medical Center ku San Franciso.
Analembera odwala 48 (45 mwa iwo anali amuna) amene adadziwa CAD. Anthu makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu adasintha pulogalamu yapaderadera ya kusintha kwa moyo wawo, kuphatikizapo kudya zakudya zolimbitsa thupi, kudya zakudya zamasamba, komanso kusuta fodya, kusinkhasinkha ndi kusamalira maganizo, komanso pulogalamu yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi .
Odwala ena 20, gulu lolamulira, sanalandire pulogalamuyi yowononga moyo. Pazaka zisanu zapadera zotsatila, odwala omwe ali mu gulu lophunzirirawo adakumana ndi zochitika zochepa za mtima kusiyana ndi omwe ali mu gulu lolamulira, komanso anali ndi mphamvu ya 3% mu kukula kwa zida zawo zomangamanga (poyerekeza ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zipika mu gulu lolamulira).
Ndizosokoneza pang'ono kuganizira kuti ufumu wa Ornish umangidwa pa phunziro limodzi laling'ono. Chifukwa chimodzi, panthawiyi pakhala ochepa kwambiri odwala panthawiyi, ndipo odwalawa sanatengedwe. Kuchokera kunja kuli kofunikira makamaka pa maphunziro ang'onoang'ono kuyambira pamene kutaya kwa deta kungakhudze kwambiri zotsatira. Kukula kwakukulu kwa phunziroli kunapangitsanso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu awiriwa. Mwachitsanzo, gulu lolamulira linali ndi mafuta ambiri a kolesteroloni ndi a LDL cholesterol ndipo anali okalamba komanso ochepa kuposa gulu la mankhwala. Apanso, mavuto awa ndi ofanana ndi mayesero aang'ono, ndipo amapanga zovuta pofotokozera kusiyana pakati pa magulu.
Chofunika kwambiri, lingaliro lakuti zakudya za Ornish zimayambitsa kusinthika kwa matenda a atherosclerosis ndizovuta kwambiri.
Kuyerekeza zotsatira kuchokera m'maganizo osiyana a 2-D opangidwa nthawi zosiyana (monga momwe adachitidwira mu phunziro lino) ndizovuta kwambiri ndi zolakwika chifukwa chakuti kusiyana kwakukulu m'makona a zithunzi zolembedwera kungapereke kusiyana kwakukulu pa chiwerengero cha kukula kwa chikhomo. Ngakhale kuti miyeso yotereyi ndi yolondola-ndipo sizikudziwikiratu bwino kuti kusintha kwa 3% mu kukula kwapopayi sikungatheke ndi chidaliro chilichonse ndi 2-D angiography. Kulepheretsa uku sikuli kolakwika kwa ofufuza-njira zopambana zinalibe masiku amenewo. (Zomwe zilipo lerolino, ngati phunziro la Ornish liyenera kubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza.) Koma izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zovuta kufunsa zowonjezereka zomwe omvera amalimbikitsa kuti zakudya za Ornish zimasintha matenda a atherosclerosis.
Malingaliro oterowo angapangitse zovuta kwambiri kuphunzira monga chonchi ngakhale kuti chivomerezedwe kuti chifalitsidwe lero mu magazini yachipatala yowonedwa ndi anzawo.
Pomalizira, ngakhale zotsatira zafukufuku wa Ornish zakhala zowona, sizingatheke kunena kuti zina mwa izi zimapindula mwachindunji ku zakudya za Ornish. Izi ndizo chifukwa njira zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku gulu la ophunzira (kusuta fodya, kusamalira maganizo, ndi kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi) zonse zimadziwika kuti zikhale ndi zotsatira za mtima kwa odwala omwe ali ndi CAD. Zotsatira zowonjezereka zomwe zimawoneka mu gulu lachipatala zikufotokozedwa ndi njira zina zitatu izi; Zopindulitsa zilizonse kuchokera ku zakudya za Ornish zokha sizingatheke muyesero.
Sitikukayikira kuti pulogalamu yamakono yogulitsa moyo ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwa odwala omwe ali ndi CAD, komanso maphunziro a Ornish (omwe, pambuyo pake onse, amatchedwa Lifestyle Heart Trial, osati a Ornish Diet Trial) ndithudi ankagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa moyo wamantha. Koma makamaka chifukwa cholephera kudya zakudya zochepa kwambiri kuti zithetse zotsatira za mtima m'maphunziro ena, kukayikira kwakukulu kulipo momwe phindu la chakudya cha phunziroli linathandizira zotsatira zabwino. Chiyeso chokonzekera bwino chiyenera kuyankhidwa kuti muyankhe funso ili.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Malingana ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wa Ornish-yesero laling'ono la randomzedwe limene zifukwa zonse zotchuka zokhudzana ndi zakudya za Ornish zakhazikitsidwa-lingaliro lakuti zakudya zamakono zowonjezera zakudya zowonjezera CAD ziyenera kuwonedwa ngati lingaliro lochititsa chidwi. Koma ndizo zonse zomwe ziri-zosagwirizana ndi unproven osati umboni wotsimikiziridwa. Phunziro latsopano liyenera kupangidwa kuti liwone ngati lingaliro ndiloona.
Ndipo ngati mukufuna kutsatira zakudya za mtundu wa Ornish, samalani ndi mafuta ophikirawo .
> Zotsatira:
Ornish D, Scherwitz L, Billings J, et al. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa moyo wa moyo kuti zitha kusintha matenda a mtima wamtima. JAMA 1998; 280: 2001-2007.