Kafukufuku wambiri komanso malo okhala "mzinda wokongola kwambiri" apeza kuti midzi ndi madera okhala ndi zovuta zosavuta ndizinanso zomwe zinali ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha kunenepa kwambiri.
Mgwirizano watsopano wamakilomita wotchedwa New Urbanism wapanga ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa mizinda yathanzi komanso yowonongeka, ndipo zomwe zakhala zikuchitika posachedwapa zimasonyeza kuti kayendetsedwe kameneka kangakhudzire kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri .
Kodi N'chiyani Chimapangitsa Anthu Okhala Nawo Pamudzi Kukhala Okhazikika?
Mawu akuti "malo oyendayenda" akutanthauza kuti mungathe kuyenda kumasitolo, masukulu, ndi mapaki m'dera mwanu. Zomwe zimakhala ngati misewu ndi njinga zamabasi zimapangitsa izi, komanso kupezeka kwapadera kwa malonda osiyanasiyana pamtunda woyenda.
Kodi Dziko Lomwe Likukhala Loyandikana Ndilo Liti?
M'mayiko otukuka, anthu ambiri achikulire atha kukhala ndi moyo wamakono wokhala ndi moyo wosagwira ntchito.
Kuchuluka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi maiko ambiri ndi maiko akunja ndi osachepera mphindi makumi atatu zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa masiku osachepera asanu pa sabata. Komabe, kafukufuku wochulukirapo wasonyeza kuti kugwira ntchito mwakhama tsiku lonse ndi njira imodzi yabwino yopezera matenda aakulu monga matenda a mtima, shuga, sitiroko, ndi khansa.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ambiri achikulire sagwirizana ndi zochepa zomwe zimaperekedwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, kuphatikizapo malingaliro oti akhalebe olimba tsiku lonse. Ndipo kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti zosavuta za moyo wathu wamakono, monga kuyenda pa galimoto ndi deskiti ntchito, zimagwirizanitsa kutipangitsa kuti tikhale osasinthasintha komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mliriwu ukhale wonenepa kwambiri.
Kodi Urbanism Yatsopano N'chiyani?
Monga taonera kale, Urbanism yatsopano ndi kayendetsedwe kamangidwe kamangidwe ka mizinda komwe kuli ndi cholinga chokweza mizinda yodalirika komanso yowonongeka ndi zachilengedwe.
Monga tawonera pa newurbanism.org, "kupanga malo abwino kuti mutonthoze ndi kukondwera kwa munthu woyenda pansi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu Urbanism Watsopano."
Mtsinje wa New Urbanism ukufunitsitsa kupanga mizinda "ndi misewu yonse yopanda galimoto, yomwe imadziwika kuti mizinda ya anthu oyenda pansi." Choncho, polimbikitsa kwambiri anthu kuti apange mizinda kuti azigwirizana ndi oyenda pansi ndi kulimbikitsa kuyenda kumalo ambiri a tsiku ndi tsiku, kukonzekera kwa Urbanism kumatha kupanga Mapiritsi apamwamba a zochitika zolimbitsa thupi ndi gawo lachizoloŵezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku.
Othandizira Mawu Otsopano a Urbanism kuti "kukwanitsa kuyenda kumasitolo, malo odyera, ma TV, ma coffeehouses ndi misika yowonekera m'madera osungirako galimoto komanso malo ogwira ntchito amapereka moyo wapamwamba kwambiri."
Ena adayitananso kuti madera onse a m'tawuni akhale oyendayenda okha, ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi msewu wa sitima yautali wamtunda wautali.
Kodi Ntchito Yoyendetsa Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito?
Pokhala ndi zolinga zofanana ndi Urbanism Yatsopano, Active Design ndi, malinga ndi Center for Active Design, "njira yozikidwa pazinthu zachitukuko zomwe zimadziwitsa kukonza midzi ndi zomangamanga njira zothandizira midzi yathanzi."
Apanso, uku ndiko kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa malingaliro kuti apange malo oyandikana nawo, midzi, komanso nyumba zapadera zomwe anthu amalimbikitsidwa kuti azichita zambiri pa moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku - monga momwe zimakhalira kuti anthu asamayende bwino, mwachitsanzo.
Chochititsa chidwi, Kukonza Kwachangu kunayesedwa osati kokha ndi mliri wa kunenepa kwambiri, koma ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amatha. Monga tafotokozera ndi Center for Active Design, Ntchito Yogwirira Ntchito imamanga pa "kalembedwe kamene kamakhudzira thanzi labwino m'zaka za m'ma 1900 monga momwe zimazindikiridwa ndi kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana."
M'zaka za m'ma 1900, kuchepetsa kusungunuka ndi kusowa kwaukhondo komwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi nyumba zazing'ono komanso zopangidwira nyumba zinachititsa kuti pakhale kuchepa kwakukulu kwa matenda opatsirana monga chifuwa chachikulu, kolera, typhoid, ndi ena.
Tikuyembekeza kuti, pogwiritsira ntchito kafukufuku wamakono, zochitika zofananako zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'nthaŵi yamasiku ano polimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Kodi Zingakuthandizeni Bwanji Ndi Mliri Wolemera Kwambiri?
Zomwe zimadziwika ngati njira zoyendetsera maulendo oyendayenda kapena ma njinga, mwachitsanzo-zimakhala ndi ubwino wambiri wathanzi kusiyana ndi kuyendetsa galimoto , ndipo zimatha kupeŵa kunenepa kwambiri.
Mu kafukufuku wina womwe unkayang'ana pazinthu zoyendetsa ndege zoyendetsa ndege (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonyamulira zapadera, zoyendetsa magalimoto, ndi zogwira ntchito zogwira ntchito) mu anthu oposa 15,000 a ku United Kingdom, awo omwe ankapita kuntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsa katundu komanso zamtunduwu anali ndi thupi lochepa kwambiri chithunzi (BMI) kuposa anthu omwe ankayenda paokha. (Kutengerako payekha kungaphatikizepo kuyendetsa galimoto yanu nokha galimoto, mwachitsanzo.)
Osati kokha amene ankayenda kapena kuwombola njinga zonse kapena mbali imodzi ya njira yogwirira ntchito - monga momwe munthu angagwiritsire ntchito ndi zofunikira pamene akugwiritsa ntchito njira zopititsira anthu - ali ndi malipiro apansi a BMI, komanso amakhala ndi magawo ochepa a mafuta a thupi poyerekeza ndi omwe agwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto awoawo. Amuna ndi akazi onse adapezeka kuti akupeza ubwino wodutsa.
Phunziro lina lomwe likuyang'ana anthu oposa 100,000 okhala mumatawuni ndi m'midzi yakumidzi ku Ontario, Canada, amagawidwa m'madera oyandikana ndi Street Smart Walk Score®, omwe olemba mabukuwo amawafotokoza kuti ndi "kuchuluka kwa malo oyandikana nawo."
Malingana ndi Walk Score® iyi, ofufuza anaika malo oyandikana ndi makalata a positi kukhala imodzi mwa magawo asanu osagwiritsidwa ntchito, "kuyambira pa galimoto-kudalira pa 'Walker's Paradise'." Ophunzira omwe ankakhala kumadera omwe amadalira kwambiri galimoto anapezeka kuti ali nawo zovuta kwambiri zoposa kukhala olemera kwambiri kapena olemera kuposa poyerekeza ndi iwo amene ankakhala m'madera a "Walker's Paradise".
Kuwonjezera apo, anthu okhala m'madera a "Walker's Paradise" adanena kuti akuyenda kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito osati m'malo osangalatsa-akuyenda kukagula zakudya, mwachitsanzo, osati kungoyenda. Anthuwa anapezeka kuti analilemera makilogalamu 3.0 (6,6 lbs) kusiyana ndi omwe ankakhala kudera lomwe amadalira kwambiri magalimoto.
Pofufuza kafukufuku wa ku Canada, ofufuza anafotokoza mu Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) kuti chiwerengero chapamwamba cha anthu oyandikana nawo m'derali chinali ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa matenda a shuga m'zaka zapitazo (2001 mpaka 2012). Ofufuzawo adafufuza kuti apitirize kufufuza ndikutsindika zotsatira za mfundo za Active Design komanso zokhudzana ndi zovuta zapakati pa matenda monga kunenepa kwambiri ndi shuga.
Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe amakhala m'madera oyandikana nawo amakhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso olimbitsa thupi. Zoonadi, ntchito yosavuta yoyenda tsiku ndi tsiku ndi imodzi mwa kusintha kwa moyo komwe kumadziwika kuti kukweza mphamvu ya magazi.
Ndipo kafukufuku wapereka zotsatira zina za thanzi la kuyenda kwa mphindi 30: Mu Nurses 'Health Study, mwachitsanzo, omwe adayenda mofulumira kapena atapindulapo zolimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi 30 tsiku lililonse anali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu imfa ya mtima m'zaka makumi asanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo.
Zitsanzo Zadziko Lonse za Mizinda Yodabwitsa
Malingana ndi malo atsopano a Urbanism, Venice onse, Italy ndi Copenhagen, Denmark ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za "mizinda yapamwamba."
Pakati pa mizinda ikuluikulu ya padziko lonse, mzinda wa Venice uli ndi misewu yambiri yopita mumsewu yomwe ilibe magalimoto.
Msewu waukulu wa Copenhagen, Stroget, unasandulika kukhala woyendayenda woyendayenda zaka 40 zapitazo, ndipo kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, okonza mzinda akupitiriza kugwira ntchito kuti asinthe mzindawu kuti ukhale woyendetsa galimoto kuti ukhale wopita patsogolo.
Zochitika zomwe otsogolera a Copenhagen adatengera kuti akwaniritse kusinthaku zikuphatikizapo kusintha misewu yambiri yopita ku malo oyendetsa galimoto, kuyendetsa magalimoto pamabwalo a anthu, kukweza njinga ngati njira yoyendetsa galimoto, komanso kumanga msinkhu womwe ndi "wandiweyani komanso wotsika" Nyumba zocheperako zimakhala zovomerezeka.
Zitsanzo izi zikuwonetseratu mfundo za Urbanism Yatsopano, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukhazikitsa ndi kubwezeretsa "mizinda yodalirika, yosiyana, yowonongeka ndi mizinda yomwe imathandiza kuti moyo ukhale wapamwamba popereka zosankha zatsopano zamoyo," monga momwe adanenera ndi malo atsopano a Urbanism.
Pakati pa mizinda ku North America, anthu omwe ali ndi Maphikidwe Oyenda Kwambiri akuphatikizapo mizinda ya New York City (masitepe 89), San Francisco (86), Boston (81), Philadelphia (78), ndi Miami (78).
Ku Canada, anthu omwe anali ndi Maphikidwe Oyenda Kwambiri anali mizinda ya Vancouver (yomwe ili ndi mapiri 78), Toronto (71), ndi Montreal (70).
Ku United States, mizinda yodzikongoletsera kwambiri imakhalaponso yomwe ili ndi Maphunziro Oyenda Kwambiri, kutsindika zabwino zomwe mapulani a m'mizinda ndi kukonzekera kumidzi angakhale nazo kuti asamangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, walkscore.com inafotokoza New York, San Francisco, Boston, District of Columbia, ndi Philadelphia ngati mizinda 5 yodalirika kwambiri.
San Francisco ndi Boston adalinso pa mizinda isanu yapamwamba yokwera njinga.
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