Zina mwa mankhwala omwe mukuwathandiza pa matenda ena, monga kuthamanga kwambiri kwa magazi kapena mankhwala a mahomoni - angakulepheretseni mankhwala omwe mumakhala nawo. Izi zikhoza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa LDL ndi ma triglyceride kapena kuchepetsa chotsulo cha HDL yanu. Izi zingakhale zovutitsa ngati simunayambe mwadandaula za cholesterol chopita. Kuonjezerapo, ngati panopa muli ndi mankhwala kuti muchepetse cholesterol wanu, mungaone kuti mankhwala anu amafunika kusintha.
Ngakhale izi siziri mndandanda wotsatira, mankhwala omwe ali pansiwa ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri omwe angasokoneze magulu anu a lipid. Muyenera kufotokoza kwa wothandizira zaumoyo mankhwala omwe mukuwagwiritsa ntchito, kuti athetse ngati mankhwala kapena mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwalawa akukhudzani thanzi lanu:
Prednisone
Prednisone ndi glucocorticoid yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kutupa, kutentha, ndi kukoma mtima komwe kumayenderana ndi zinthu zambiri zotupa. Ngakhale kuti iwo angakupatseni mpumulo, akhoza kupangitsa triglycerides, maola a LDL cholesterol, ndi ma CDL a cholesterol. Sitikutenga nthaŵi kuti tione kukula kwa kolesterol. Mafukufuku ena adawonetsa kuti odwala anali ndi makilogalamu apamwamba kwambiri m'thupi mwa milungu iwiri yothandizira.
Odzibisa Beta
Mabetawa ndi mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amauzidwa kuti azitha kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ngakhale kuti amapindulitsa kwambiri, amapereka mankhwala osiyanasiyana a matenda a mtima, beta blockers amadziwikanso kuti amachepetsa ma HDL ndi kupititsa patsogolo magulu a triglyceride.
Kawirikawiri, kusintha kwa lipidyu kwakhala kochepa kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti si onse ogulitsira beta omwe ali ndi zotsatirazi. Otsatira a beta otsatirawa asinthidwa pang'ono kusintha mauthenga a lipid:
- Atenolol (Tenormin®)
- Bisoprolol (Zebeta®)
- Metoprolol (Toprol®, Lopressor®)
- Nadolol (Corgard ®)
- Propanolol (Inderal ®)
Beta-blockers sizithandiza kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso zimathandizira kupulumuka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima (monga kupwetekedwa mtima kwa mtima ndi matenda oyambirira a mtima). Choncho, ngakhale kusintha kwa mankhwala anu, ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti beta zilephereke.
Amiodarone
Amiodarone ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita masewera osiyanasiyana a mtima ndipo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Imodzi mwa zotsatira zake zing'onozing'ono zimakhudzana ndi cholesterol . Amiodarone makamaka imayambitsa khungu la cholesterol la LDL koma samawoneka kukhala ndi zotsatira pa ma CDS cholesterol kapena ma triglyceride.
Estrogen
Estrogen ndi mahomoni achikazi omwe amapezeka mu mazimayi obadwa ndi mahomoni komanso mitundu ina ya ma ARV. Kwa zaka zambiri, estrogen inkaonedwa kuti ndi "mpweya wotchedwa cardioprotective," motero kumalimbikitsa mtima wathanzi . Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kukulitsa ma CDL. Izi zinachititsa amayi ambiri omwe amatha kumwa mankhwalawa amatha kutenga mankhwala othandiza kuti athandizidwe. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwapa apeza kuti sichiteteza ku matenda a mtima pambuyo pa kusamba. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima sizidziwika.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, estrogens ingakhalenso kuwonjezeka m'magulu a triglyceride.
Progestin
Progestin ndi mawonekedwe a progesterone, mahomoni ena achiwerewere, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamwa pakamwa ndi mahomoni omwe amangokhala mankhwala okhaokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi estrogen. Mawindo apamwamba a progestin akhala akugwirizana ndi maansi a HDL otsika. Pogwirizana ndi estrogen, progesin ikhoza kuthetsa thanzi labwino estrogen ikukweza miyeso ya HDL.
Anabolic Steroids
Steroids ya antibiotic ndi testosterone, hormone yamphongo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira kutha msinkhu mwa anyamata komanso mitundu ina yopanda mphamvu. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mosavomerezeka kupanga minofu ya minofu.
Mankhwala awa amalimbikitsa ma LDL ndi kuchepetsa miyeso ya HDL. Zotsatira zovulaza zomwe mankhwalawa ali nazo pamagulu a kolesterolini amadziwika kwambiri pamamwa pamlomo poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ojambulidwa.
Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune ®, Neoral®, Gengraf®) ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera chitetezo cha mthupi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri atatha kuika thupi kuti athetse kukanidwa. Komabe, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda a nyamakazi ndi psoriasis. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti cyclosporine imayambitsa ma pulogalamu ya cholesterol ya LDL.
Protease Inhibitors
Protease inhibitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kachilombo ka HIV (kachilombo ka HIV). Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti mafuta asamakhale ndi mafuta ambiri, amaoneka ngati makamaka amachititsa kuti mitundu ya triglyceride ikhale yochepa. Nthawi zina fodya ndi mafinins amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa triglycerides ndikuwonjezera ma CDL mwa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwalawa.
Diuretics
Diuretics amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azitha kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kusungidwa kwa madzi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya diuretic yomwe imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi:
- Thiazide diuretics (kuphatikizapo hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, metolazone)
- Loop diuretics (kuphatikizapo furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide)
Thiazide diuretics amachititsa kuti pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero cha mafuta a m'thupi chikhale chokwanira, mafuta a triglyceride, ndi ma LLL cholesterol. Mafuta a HDL a cholesterol samakhudzidwa. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kungakhale pakati pa 5 mpaka 10 milligrams pa deciliter. Pakalipano, indapamide ndiyo yokhayokhayo yomwe imasonyeza kuti izi zimakhudzanso mazenera. Loop diuretics amagawana mofanana ndi thiazide diuretics; Komabe, ena mwa mankhwalawa asonyeza pang'ono kuchepa kwa HDL cholesterol. Popeza kuti odwala matenda opatsirana ndi ofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo cha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angakugwiritseni ntchito pa zakudya zochepa kwambiri pamene muli pa mankhwalawa.
Ngati muli ndi mkulu wa cholesterol ndipo mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe angathe kukweza mapepala anu owonjezera, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angafunike kuyang'ana magazi anu nthawi ndi nthawi kuti atsimikizire kuti m'magulu anu a lipid si apamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi zina, zotsatira zovulaza pa lipids zingakhale zazing'ono chabe. Komabe, ngati apitiriza kukhala apamwamba pambuyo poyambanso mankhwala, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angasankhe kuwonjezera kapena kusintha mankhwala opatsirana.
Zotsatira:
Dipiro JT, Talbert RL. Pharmacotherapy: Njira ya Pathophysiological, 9th, 2014.
Pulogalamu Yachitatu ya Maphunziro a Zakale za Cholesterol (NCEP) Gulu la Atafufuza pa Kuzindikira, Kufufuza, ndi Kuchiza kwa Mwazi Wambiri Wamagazi mu Akuluakulu (PDF), July 2004, National Institutes of Health: National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute.
Micromedex 2.0. Truven Health Analytics, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. Http://www.micromedexsolutions.com.