Kuthetsa mkangano wamakono pa ma BMI
Kodi kukhala olemera kwambiri - kukhala ndi BMI yodalirika - yowonjezera kuwonjezeka kwachithandizo chamankhwala, kapena sichoncho? Ngakhale kuti kunenepa kunenepa kumawonjezera ngozi, ndipo pamene anthu ndi madokotala akugogomezera kwambiri kuti akhale ndi "thupi" lolemera, kuopsa koopsa kokha chifukwa chokhala woposa kunenepa (sikunenepa kwambiri) kumakhala kosavuta.
Kodi Maphunziro Amati Chiyani?
Chikhalidwe chosokonezeka cha funsoli mwachidule chinangoyang'ana zaka zingapo zapitazo pamene nkhani yowonekera ku Lancet inati odwala mtima omwe anali "ochepa" onenepa kwambiri, malinga ndi chiwerengero chawo cha BMI (chiwerengero cha misala ya thupi), kwenikweni anali ndi chiopsezo chochepa kuposa odwala omwe anali "olemera" kulemera.
Ngakhale olemba a pepalayi amawoneka ngati amanyazi kwambiri ndi zotsatirazi. Ndipo pofuna kusokoneza nkhaniyi, nkhani ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zikuwonekera pa nthawi yomweyi ku New England Journal of Medicine zinathandizira maganizo otchuka kwambiri-kuti kukhala olemera kwambiri, ndi kuchuluka kwina, kumawonjezera ngozi ya imfa.
Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya Wall Street Journal , Centers for Disease Control inauza ochita kafukufuku kuti asafotokoze poyera za maphunziro atsopano, ndipo "wolankhulana wa bungweli analibe ndemanga." (Mutha kuwerenga nkhani ya Wall Street Journal apa, koma imafuna kulembetsa.)
Maphunziro a BMI amayenera kukhala njira yodziŵira ngati munthu ali ndi mafuta ambirimbiri. Masikiti a 20 mpaka 24.9 a BMI amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino, 25 mpaka 29.9 ambiri ndi oposa kwambiri, 30 mpaka 34.9 ambiri ndi ochepa, ndipo zoposa 35 ziri zovuta kwambiri. Zaka zosaposa 20 zimaonedwa kuchepa. Mukhoza kuwerengera mphambu yanu mosavuta.
Pafupifupi maphunziro onse pogwiritsa ntchito ma BMI amavomereza pa mfundo zingapo. Choyamba, anthu omwe ali ochepa kwambiri kapena olemera kwambiri amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima ndi imfa. Chachiwiri, anthu omwe ali ochepa thupi ali ndi chiopsezo chochuluka cha imfa . (Izi zimaganiziridwa makamaka chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana - monga matenda a mtima, mapapo a m'mapapo , khansara kapena matenda - omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti thupi liwonongeke ngati matendawa akupita.)
Ngati pali kutsutsana, zimaphatikizapo anthu omwe amawoneka kuti ndi olemera kwambiri, koma osati olemera kwambiri, ndiko kuti, omwe a BMI amapitirira pang'ono. 25. Kafukufuku ambiri asonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha mankhwala ngakhale chifukwa cha kuchepa kwambiri. Koma kafukufuku wowerengeka amasonyeza chiopsezo chochepa cha anthuwa.
Zolongosola zingapo za kusiyana kumeneku zikuwoneka, koma zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndi lingaliro lakuti BMI yeniyeni - yomwe imangoganizira za kulemera kwake ndi kutalika kwake - nthawi zambiri imapereka mlingo wabodza wa "kupitirira muyeso" ngati munthu ali zokhazokha bwino ndipo ali ndi minofu yabwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi la BMI la 25 kapena 26, kulemera kwake "sikungakhale kochepa.
Maganizo Otseka
Kukhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo - makamaka mafuta ambiri m'mimba - amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi nkhawa kwambiri komanso limapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda a mtima .
Mndandanda wa BMI ndi wolondola kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ochepa thupi kwambiri kapena olemera kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, ndi kovuta kuvala minofu yokwanira kuti apeze BMI pamwamba pa 30 popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo), koma BMI si yolondola kwambiri pozindikira anthu omwe ali chabe "kunenepa kwambiri." Pali, ndithudi, anthu ena omwe ali ndi masewera a BMI mu 25 - 29 amangoti chifukwa ali otchuka kwambiri. Koma, ndikugonjera, anthu amenewo amadziwa kuti ndi ndani.
Kotero, ngati muli ndi mpikisano wa BMI mu "olemera kwambiri", ndipo mukukambirana zikondwerero chifukwa mumasankha kukhulupirira Lancet nkhani ndikunyalanyaza umboni wonsewo, tangoyankha funso limodzi musanatsegule Bud lotsatira: Kodi chiuno chanu n'chochepa kupitirira kukula kwa chiuno chanu?
Ngati "inde," ndiye kuti mwinamwake ndinu mmodzi wa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi labwino kwambiri, ndipo "kuwonjezera" kulemera kwa phindu lanu la BMI ndi minofu, osati mafuta (panthawiyi simunakonzekeretsani kukondwerera mukudya chopanda kanthu makilogalamu). Koma ngati yankho lanu liri "ayi," ndipo muli ndi mafuta oopsa omwe ali pakati, mulibe chilichonse chokondwerera.
Pakuti, pamene mpikisano wa BMI nthawi zina umakhala wosavuta komanso wosavuta kuyeza, chiwerengero cha m'chiuno-mpaka-hip ndicho chiwerengero chofunika kwambiri cha mtima .
Zotsatira
Romero-Corral A, VM Montori, Somers VK, et al. Chiyanjano cha thupi limodzi ndi kufa kwathunthu ndi zochitika za mtima m'maganizo a mitsempha yamakono: Kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kafukufuku wamagulu. Lancet 2006; 368: 666-678.
Adams KF, Schatzkin A, Harris TB, ndi al. Kulemera kunenepa, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi kufa kwa anthu ambiri omwe akuyembekezera kukhala gulu la anthu a zaka 50 mpaka 71. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 763-778.
Lee SH, Sull JW, Park J ndi al. Chiwerengero cha thupi ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ku Korea amuna ndi akazi. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 779-787.