The Science Behind Pain.
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina aphunzitsi amachitcha kuti "zopereka zowawa", sizolondola kwenikweni. Komabe, amathandiza kwambiri momwe mumamvera ndikumva ululu. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa nociceptors ndi ululu n'kofunika kumvetsa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito pokonza zowawa.
Pali njira zambiri zomwe mungamve ululu. Kuchokera pala zala zala kuti mudzidule pamene mukudya masamba, zowawa zosiyanasiyana ndi mbali ya zochitika za munthu.
Ziribe kanthu momwe ululu umayambira, onse amagawana njira zofananamo momwe zimamvekera ndi kuzifalitsa.
Nociceptors: Kutumiza Kwachisoni
Ngati mugwada pa tebulo kapena kudziwotcha nokha, ululu umakhala nthawi yomweyo. Milandu imeneyi imadziwika kuti "yovuta", kapena yatsopano, ululu. Ululu woopsa umayamba kuchokera ku nociception, njira ya mitsempha yodziwira kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Nociceptors ndi mapeto a mitsempha, kapena zovomerezeka zamakono, zomwe ziripo thupi lonse. Iwo ali ndi udindo woyang'anira kuwonongeka kwa thupi pamene mukukumana ndi ululu.
Ngati mumakumbatila zala zanu, aphunzitsiwo amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.Akutumiza chizindikiro ku ubongo, kudutsa m'mitsempha ya m'mimba kupita ku msana. Pambuyo pofalitsa, zizindikiro za nociceptors zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndipo ubongo uli ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa momwe mumamvera ululu.
Nociceptors amagwiritsira ntchito maulamuliro a thupi, kukuchenjezani kuti chinachake chachitika mukuyenera kuchitapo kanthu ndipo mutangotsegulidwa mukangoyambitsidwa ndi chochitika.
Nociceptors amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- Mankhwala: Mankhwala amachititsa kuti anthu asamadziwe, monga pamene odulidwa atenga kachilomboka. Pofuna kulimbana ndi matendawa, derali lidzatha; Thupi lanu likubweretsa magazi ambiri ndi mankhwala kumalo kuti athandize kukonzanso kuwonongeka. Mankhwalawa amachititsa opanga ma vociceptors ndikubala ululu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mutapwetekedwa kapena kuvulazidwa, ngakhale kugwira mokoma kapena kusuntha pang'ono kungapweteke kwambiri.
- Kutentha : Kutentha ndizochititsa anthu omwe amawadziwitsa. Ngati mumakhudza chitofu chowotcha, ma nociceptors akuwonetsa ululu amatsekedwa nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zina musanadziwe zomwe mwachita.
- Mankhwala: Kuthamanga kwa magetsi kumatanthauza chilichonse chimene chimalepheretsa kapena kuyenda, monga pamene mumakoka phokoso kapena kupweteka. Mitsemphayi imatambasulidwa mopanda kuthekera kwawo, kulimbikitsa anthu odziwa ntchito zapamwamba komanso kutumiza zizindikiro zopweteka ku ubongo.
Kupweteka kwa nociceptor ndi ntchito yachibadwa ndipo imakhazikika m'njira yodziwika bwino. Mukhoza kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa kupweteka, monga phazi lopweteka mutapitirira pa chinthu chinachake, ndipo gululo limalowa. Komabe, sikuti ululu wonse umalowa mu gulu la nociceptor. Kuvulala popanda chifukwa chenichenicho, monga chifukwa cha matenda a mkati, satero nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsa a nociceptors.
Nociceptors amagwira ntchito kuti akudziwitse za kuvulaza; nthawi zina, ndizolakwika. Ngakhale kuti chotupa chingawonongeke panthawi yomweyi, sizingapangitse kuti zisawonongeke. Koma ngati mukuwotchedwa, a nociceptors amagwira ntchito kukuchenjezani za kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.
Mankhwala ambiri opweteka, monga opioids , amagwira ntchito poletsa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kupweteka kwanu. Izi ndi momwe momwe amachitira ndi ululu akulamulidwa ndi chifukwa chake amangogwira ntchito nthawi zina; ululu ukhoza kusindikizidwa ndi mapulogalamu ena, osati a nociceptors, kotero mukhoza kumamva kupweteka popanda kuyambitsa otsogolera.
Zotsatira:
Kufikira, A., Patapoutian, A. "Nociceptors: Maganizo a Mavuto Opweteka". Journal of Investigation Clinic , 3760-3772, 2010.
Fein, A. "Nociceptors ndi Perception of Pain". University of Connecticut Health Center, 2012.