Kansa ya Magazi Pakati pa Microscope

Imodzi mwa njira zakale zojambula zamagetsi zogwiritsidwabe ntchito lero zidakalipo lero - kuwala kwa microscopy. Pofuna kudziŵa mtundu weniweni wa khansara, kapena kuwonetsetsa kuti abwerere, asayansi akhala akudabwa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zingapo kuyambira nthawi yomwe kuwala kwa microscope kunapangidwira, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana kwa thupi muzojambula ndi kuyezetsa zizindikiro za biologic m'magazi .

Komabe, mawonekedwe ochepa kwambiri a maselo oopsa ngakhale masiku ano nthawi zambiri amathandiza kwambiri kuti azindikire ndi kugawanika kwa khansa ya m'magazi ndi ma lymphoma ndipo zingakhale zofunikira kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi vutoli. Ngakhale madotolo amasiku ano nthawi zambiri amayesa khansa pamtundu wa majeremusi awo ndi kusintha kwake, nthawizina chithunzi chili choyenera mawu chikwi. Nazi zithunzi zochepa zomwe zikuwonetsa mawonedwe osakanikirana a mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi, mtundu wa lymphoma ndi selo la T wakupha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa selo ya khansa.

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Hodgkin Lymphoma

Chojambulachi chimasonyeza nkhani ya Hodgkin lymphoma, yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa matenda a Hodgkin. Matenda a Hodgkin amatha kuchitika pakati pa ana ndi akulu, komabe, zaka zapamwamba zili m'ma 20s ndi 70s / 80s. Pachifukwa ichi, si magazi a wodwalayo omwe amawoneka pansi pa microscope; M'malo mwake, ndi gawo kapena kupyolera mu nthendayi yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi matenda a Hodgkin-khansa ya maselo oyera a magazi kapena maselo a lymphoma. Maselo a buluu omwe amaoneka maso a nkhuku amatchedwa maselo a Reed-Sternberg ndiwo maselo ozindikiritsa a Hodgkin lymphoma. Zikuwoneka ngati zikopa zikadetsedwa kuti ziwoneke, ndipo apa pali zikopa ziwiri. Nyuzipepala ya American Cancer Society inanena kuti pafupifupi 9,190 matenda atsopano a Hodgkin lymphoma amapezeka chaka chilichonse.

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Matenda a Myelogenous Leukemia

Pa chifaniziro chogwirizana cha pulogalamu yamagazi ya wodwalayo, maselo ofiira a buluu amaimira maselo oyera a magazi omwe akuwonjezeka mu chiwerengero, chinachake chogwirizana ndi matenda aakulu a myelogenous leukemia (CML). Zinthu zambiri zingayambitse chiwerengero chokwanira, koma CML ndiye chifukwa chake. CML ingathenso kutchedwa matenda aakulu a myeloid leukemia kapena matenda a granulocytic khansa ya m'magazi. CML kawirikawiri imakhudza achikulire achikulire ndipo kawirikawiri imapezeka mwa ana. Anthu akhoza kukhala ndi CML kwa nthawi yaitali osadziwa. CML imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chinthu china chotchedwa Philadelphia chromosome , chromosome yowonjezereka yomwe imatchedwa mzinda umene unapezeka. Pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi CML ali ndi maselo a magazi omwe ali ndi chromosome ya Philadelphia. Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya leukemias ndi CML. American Cancer Society inanena kuti pafupifupi 5,980 milandu yatsopano idzapezeka chaka chilichonse.

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Maselo a Munthu Oteteza Mthupi Amapha Khansa ya Khansa

Pano tikuwona khungu lakupha T (selo yaying'ono pansi pa kansalu ya khansa mu fano ili) yogwirizana ndi selo ya khansa. Izi ndizobwezeretsa kwa ojambula, koma zimachokera pa zenizeni. Kusinthitsa electron microscopes kumapanga mafano ofanana. Mayi maselo a T ali ndi maselo osatha omwe angathe kupha maselo ena, kuphatikizapo maselo akunja, maselo a khansa ndi maselo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Malingana ndi National Cancer Institute, maselo opha T angakule m'bwalo la ma laboratory, ndipo amachotsedwa mwa wodwalayo kuti aphe maselo a kansa. Mayi maselo a T ali maselo oyera, ndipo makamaka, ndiwo mtundu wa lymphocyte. Maselo opha T angathenso kutchulidwa monga maselo a cytotoxic ndi ma cyymoto T.

> Zotsatira:

> Barrett DM, Singh N, Porter DL, Grupp SA, June CH. Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy kwa khansa. Annu Rev Med. 2014; 65: 333-347.

> El-Galaly TC, Mylam KJ, Bogsted M, et al. Udindo wa kujambula nthawi zonse pozindikira lymphoma yowonongeka: Kuwunika kwa odwala 258 omwe anabwereranso ndi nkhanza zomwe sizinali Hodgkin ndi Hodgkin lymphoma. Am J Hemat. 2014; 89 (6): 575-580.

> American Cancer Society. Matenda a Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

> American Cancer Society. Kodi ndizifukwa ziti zofunika zokhudza matenda a Hodgkin?