Glioblastoma, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti glioblastoma multiforme, GBM, kapena ya 4 astrocytoma , ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya ubongo wa ubongo, yomwe imayambitsa pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya zilonda zam'mimba.
Kodi Zizindikiro za GBM ndi Ziti?
Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha GBM chimachitika patatha zaka 50, chikhoza kuchitika kwa achinyamata, kupweteka kwa mutu, kugwidwa, ndi mavuto okhudza ubongo monga vuto la kulankhula kapena kusintha kwa chidziwitso.
Zizindikiro zina za glioblastoma zimaphatikizapo kufooka, kufooka, masomphenya kusintha, ndi umunthu kusintha. Zizindikiro zimenezi zimasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwake ndi malo.
Kodi Kupita patsogolo kwa GBM Kwachangu?
Maselo a khansa a GBM amafalitsa mofulumira. Chotupachi chikufalikira mochuluka kudzera mu ubongo popanda malire omveka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta ngati zosatheka kuthetsa opaleshoni yonse. Nthawi yochuluka kuchokera ku zizindikiro zoyambirira za imfa pafupifupi chaka, ngakhale izi zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu. Pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya anthu akhoza kupulumuka zaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo.
Nchiyani Chimachititsa GBM?
Glioblastoma multiforme, monga matenda onse, chifukwa cha kugawikana kwa maselo osayenera. Pankhaniyi, maselo amodzi omwe amatha kuzungulira ndi kuteteza maselo a mitsempha ya ubongo amachuluka popanda kuletsedwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa momwe majini mumaselo amasonyezera-mwachitsanzo, maselo akhoza kuwonjezera kufotokozera mafupa m'madera monga epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kapena kutaya kwa chotupa choyambitsa matenda monga PTEN.
Zosintha zina ndizo MDM2 ndi RB gene.
Madokotala Amadziwa Bwanji GBM?
Ngati wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe akukayikira, madokotala nthawi zambiri amayesa kuyeretsa nuroimaging monga MRI scan ya ubongo. Pa MRI, GBM ili ndi mawonekedwe osasinthasintha, nthawi zambiri ali ndi chigawo chapakati cha minofu yakufa kapena kutaya kwa magazi, ndipo malo ozungulira chifuwacho amakula ndi kusiyana kwa gadolinium.
Izi zonyansa zingayimire pazinthu zina za ubongo ndi kusokoneza dongosolo labwino la ubongo.
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zina zikhoza kuoneka pa MRI, dokotala wokhudzidwa angayese kukonzekera kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizitha kutenga chidutswa cha minofu yodabwitsayi kuchokera mu ubongo. Mitunduyi imatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi microscope, kumene idzawonetsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha maselo ogawikana mu kachitidwe kake ka "pseudopalisading", kutanthauza kuti maselo amaoneka ngati atayikidwa. Izi zikukhudzana kwambiri ndi kufa kwa maselo, momwe mapangidwe awo ali pafupi ndi mbali za minofu yakufa yomwe imawoneka mu GBM pansi pa microscope.
Kodi Amayi Angatani Kuti Apewe Nkhanza?
GBM ndi yamwano ndipo imatsutsa mankhwala ambiri. Kawirikawiri cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndi kupititsa patsogolo moyo m'malo mochiza matenda onse.
Chithandizo cha glioblastoma multiforme chimaphatikizapo zitatu zigawo zikuluzikulu:
- Opaleshoni -Amadokotala amachotsa zotupa zambiri momwe angathere popanda kuvulaza malo abwino a ubongo.
- Chemotherapy -Medicines amapatsidwa kuyesa kulumikiza maselo otupa. Temozolamide kapena kuphatikiza procarbazine, lomustine, ndi vincristine ndi zina mwa mankhwala ochiritsira kwambiri.
- Mankhwala othandizidwa ndi ma ARV -Kuthandizira kwa ubongo kungathe kupha maselo ena a khansa. Izi kawirikawiri zimaphatikizapo kupereka ma radiation mu dothi mbali imodzi yokha ya ubongo, mmalo mowombera ubongo wonse monga momwe zimakhala zofala kwa zotupa zam'mimba.
Pambuyo pa mankhwala onsewa, anthu omwe ali ndi GBM amatsatiridwa kuti awone ngati chotupacho chibwerera. Nthawi zambiri, mwatsoka, GBM imabwerera. Panthawi imeneyo, chithandizo chamankhwala chingathenso kulangizidwa pazomwe zilipo. Chifukwa chakuti GBM ndi yowopsya ndipo chifukwa mankhwala omwe alipo alipo angathe kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa, kasamalidwe ka khansara ndiyekha ndipo amafunikanso kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo komanso kachipatala.
Zotsatira:
A Omuro, LM DeAngelis: Glioblastoma ndi zina zowonongeka zowopsya. JAMA: nyuzipepala ya American Medical Association . (2013) 310: 1842-1850.
H Ropper, MA Samuels. Adams ndi Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.