Dystonia imaphatikizapo kupanikizika kwadzidzidzi kwa minofu yomwe imagwira ntchito mogwilizana, kotero kuti gawo la thupi limagwiridwa mwachilendo komanso nthawi zambiri zopweteka. Dystonia ikhoza kukhudza mbali iliyonse ya thupi, ndipo ikhoza kuchititsa manyazi ndi kulephera kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwamwayi, pali njira zingapo zomwe dystonia ingasinthidwe.
Thandizo la Thupi ndi Ntchito
Kuwona wodwalayo kapena wothandizira angathandize anthu omwe ali ndi dystonia kuphunzira kuti azigwira ntchito mozungulira matenda awo, ngakhale kuti sagwiritsa ntchito moyenera vutoli. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi dystonia amapezanso kuti amatha kuthetsa zizindikiro zawo panthawi yake pogwira mbali ya thupi lawo mwanjira ina. Izi zimadziwika kuti antagoniste , ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri za dystonia.
Mankhwala Amlomo
Mwatsoka, mankhwala ochepa amathandiza kwambiri kuchiza dystonia. Kupatulapo pa lamulo ili ndikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito Benadryl kuti athetse mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito dopamine kuti athetse mitundu ina ya dystonia, monga Segawa matenda. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, ana onse kapena achinyamata omwe ali ndi dystonia ayenera kupatsidwa mayeso a dopamine.
Artane (trihexyphenidyl) ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala opindulitsa kwambiri a dystonia. Mankhwalawa amachokera ku banja la anticholinergics.
Odwala ochepa amayamba kupindula kwambiri ndi mankhwalawa. Akuluakulu amatha kumvetsetsa zotsatira za anticholinergics, kuphatikizapo mkamwa wouma, chisokonezo, kusungunuka, kukumbukira komanso kukumbukira.
Benzodiazepines, monga clonazepam , ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, nthawi zambiri mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena.
Baclofen, minofu yotsitsimula, kawirikawiri siidathandiza kwambiri kuchiza dystonia, koma ingakhale yopindulitsa pochiza dystonia ya mwendo, makamaka pakati pa ana. Njira yaikulu ya mankhwalawa ndi sedation.
Agwiritsidwe ntchito a Dopamine monga tetrabenazine ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi kupereka dopamine, koma akhoza kukhala ndi malo ochizira dystonia. Zotsatirapo zimaphatikizapo kuvutika maganizo ndi dysphoria, komanso parkinsonism. Ngati mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito, mlingowo uyenera kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.
Mankhwala Ojambulidwa
Mu dystonia yomwe imakhudza gawo limodzi lokha la thupi, jekeseni wa poizoni amatha kukhala othandiza. Ndipotu, m'mitundu ina ya dystonia, monga blepharospasm (diso lopweteka kwambiri) ndi khola lachiberekero la neck (dystonia), jekeseni wa poizoni amayamba kukhala mankhwala oyamba. Mu torticollis, odwala 70-90% adanena kuti ena amapindula. Zironda zimabwerezedwa milungu isanu ndi iwiri kapena isanu ndi umodzi. Pansi pa ndondomekoyi, zotsatira zake zikhoza kukhala zamphamvu komanso zotetezeka kwa zaka zambiri.
Majini a Botulinum amagwira ntchito mwa kuletsa kutuluka kwa acetylcholine, mpweya wotchedwa neurotransmitter umene umaimira pakati pa mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi minofu. Izi zimabweretsa kufooka kwa minofu. Zotsatira zoyipa za jekeseni wa poizoni zimakhala zofooketsa kwambiri, zomwe zingakhale zovuta makamaka ngati jekeseni m'maso mwa blepharospasm, kapena mozungulira khosi ndi mmero, chifukwa izi zingachititse kumeza mavuto.
Majekeseni ayenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino kuti apindulitse phindu pothandizira kuopsa kwa zotsatirapo.
Njira Zothandizira
Ngati njira zachipatala zingalephereke ndipo ngati dystonia ikuwononga moyo wa wina, zosankha za opaleshoni zingaganizidwe.
M'mbuyomu, opaleshoniyi imakhudza mwachangu mitsempha ya ubongo yomwe imachokera mu ubongo kupita ku minofu yomwe imakhudzidwa (potero imachepetsa minofu ndi kuchepetsa dystonia) kapena mbali ina ya ubongo. Tsopano, anthu ambiri amasankha njira yowonjezera yothetsera ubongo ( DBS ).
Kulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu kwa ubongo kumatchulidwa kwambiri kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi dystonia.
Anthu omwe amadwala matendawa amayamba kukhala achichepere, kuphatikizapo ana. Mayankho ku ubongo wozama ubongo akhoza kusintha mosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri, kuyankhidwa kwa dystonia kwa DBS sikungodziŵika kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwa matenda a Parkinson ndi chivomezi chofunikira, ndipo kusinthako kumawoneka patapita miyezi yambiri pambuyo pochiza.
Pafupifupi miyezi khumi ndi iŵiri DBS itatha, odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi dystonia amasonyeza kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka pafupifupi 50 peresenti. Ana ndi anthu amene akhala ndi dystonia kwa kanthaŵi kochepa amayamba kuchita bwino kusiyana ndi pafupifupi. Dystonia yachiwiri sichimayankha mofananamo kuti zimakhudza ubongo. Mofananamo, ngati dystonia yatsogoleredwa m'malo mosiyana kwambiri, dystonia sichikhoza kuchitapo kanthu pakusokoneza ubongo.
Zotsatira:
Kathleen Poston, Zowonongeka za Common Movement Disorders, Continuum: Kusokonezeka kwa Mavuto 16, Nambala 1, February 2010
Mustafa Saad Siddiqui, Ihstsham Ul Haq, Michael S Okun, Kulimbikitsidwa kwa Ubongo Wozama mu Mavuto Otsutsana, Kupitiriza: Kusokonezeka kwa Mavuto 16, Number 1, February 2010