Kupulumuka miyezo yolumikizidwa ndi machitidwe oyesera oyambirira
Khansara ya chiberekero inali yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa pakati pa amayi ku United States. Mwamwayi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapulogalamu yap smear yowonongeka , chiwerengero cha imfa chachepa kwambiri, chikutaya 74 peresenti kuyambira 1955.
Ndikunena kuti, zoposa 12,000 zatsopano za khansara yoteteza mimba ya chiberekero imafotokozedwa chaka chilichonse ku US, ndipo pafupifupi 4,000 kapena kuposa ena onse adzafa.
Kufufuza ndi kuchiza koyambirira ndizofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe kufa kumeneku. Lero, khansara ya chiberekero ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotetezeka kwambiri ya khansa. Ndi khansa ya Pap, nthawi zonse, khansara ya chiberekero imatha kupezeka pazochitika zonse zomwe zimapezeka.
Zinthu Zogwirizana ndi Kukula kwa Khansa ya Chiberekero
Khansara ya chiberekero imayamba kuchitika pakati pa midlife, makamaka kwa amayi osapitirira 50. Poyerekeza, pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya khansa ya pachibelekero imapezeka mwa amayi oposa 65. Sizimawoneka mwa amayi omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 20.
Akazi a ku Spain amakhala ndi khansa ya pachibelekero, motsogozedwa ndi African-American, Asia, ndi Caucasus. Amwenye Achimerika, mosiyana, amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansara ya chiberekero ku US
Kugonana ndi papillomavirus yaumunthu (HPV) kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha khansara ya chiberekero, kuwerengera kwa zoposa 95 peresenti ya matenda onse. Mitundu yambiri ya HPV yosiyana ndi 100 imayanjanitsidwa ndi khansa.
Mankhwala a HPV 16 ndi 18 akuonedwa kuti ali pachiopsezo chachikulu.
Pali katemera osiyana siyana omwe angapewe kutulutsa mawonekedwe a HPV. Akuluakulu azaumoyo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa katemera wa atsikana ndi atsikana osakwana zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (26) kungawononge madontho ambiri mu kansa ya pachibelekero pa mbadwo wotsatira.
Khansara ya Chiberekero Kuchokera kwa Zaka zisanu Kuchokera Pakati pa Gawo
Pali magawo osiyanasiyana a khansara ya chiberekero, kuyambira pa siteji I kupita ku gawo la IV. Ndondomekoyi ikuyendera momwe matendawa apitira patsogolo ndipo akuwonetsa ndalama zomwe zimakhalapo pazaka zisanu.
- Gawo la IA limaonedwa kuti ndilopopera (khansa yoyambirira ya chiberekero). Zaka zisanu zapakati pa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri (99) ndi 99%. Njira zopangira chithandizo ndi opaleshoni. Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala opangira mavitamini sizimasonyeza.
- Gawo IB limasonyeza kuti khansa imawoneka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito microscope. Zaka zisanu zapakati pa zaka zapakati pa 80 mpaka 90 peresenti. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo opaleshoni, chemotherapy, ndi radiation.
- Gawo lachiwiri ndi pamene khansara yayamba kupitirira chiberekero kupita ku minofu yomwe ili pafupi koma siinayambe kufika kumtunda wachitatu wa vagina kapena khoma la pamphuno. Kusunga kwa zaka zisanu ndi 65 mpaka 69 peresenti. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo opaleshoni, ma radiation, ndi chemotherapy.
- Gawo lachitatu limasonyeza kuti khansara yadutsa patali pa magawo awiri a siteji yachiwiri kapena yachititsa kuti impso zisinthe. Kusunga kwa zaka zisanu ndi 40 mpaka 43 peresenti. Mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi ma radiation.
- Gawo lachinayi ndi pamene khansara yatuluka m'mimba mwazi ndipo imafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali. Zaka zisanu zomwe zimapulumuka zimakhala pakati pa 15 ndi 20 peresenti. Zonse zotheka zothandizira mankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
> Zosowa
- > American Cancer Society. "Kodi Ndizifukwa Ziti Zambiri Zokhudza Kansa ya Chiberekero?" Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa January 5, 2017.
- > National Cancer Institute. "Zowonongeka pazitsulo." Khansa yachiberekero (PDQ): Chithandizo. Washington, DC; zasinthidwa pa January 31, 2017.