Beta thalassemia ndi nthenda yotaya magazi yomwe thupi silitha kupanga hemoglobin nthawi zambiri. Hemoglobin A (hemoglobin yaikulu mwa anthu akuluakulu) ali ndi maunyolo awiri a alpha globin ndi mabini awiri a beta. Mu beta thalassemia, mafupa sangathe kupanga mavitamini ochuluka omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha hemoglobini A. Komanso, pali owonjezera a alpha globin osati a globin ya beta yomwe imayambitsa kupasuka kwa maselo ofiira otchedwa hemolysis.
Ndani Ali Pangozi?
Beta thalassemia ndi chikhalidwe chobadwira. Amafuna makolo onse awiri kuti azitsatira matenda omwe amatchedwa beta thalassemia kapena ochepa. Pamene makolo onse awiri ali ndi khalidwe la beta thalassemia, amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mwana ndi beta thalassemia. Mwamwayi, chifukwa khalidwe la beta thalassemia silipangitsa zizindikiro, makolo sangadziwe za ngozi iyi asanakhale ndi mimba.
Kodi Beta Thalassemia Ndi Ndani?
Beta thalassemia ikhoza kusankhidwa m'njira ziwiri: ndi genetic mutation yomwe imatengedwa kapena ndi kuika magazi.
Kusinthika kwa chibadwa
Beta zero thalassemia : Zero mu beta zamasinthasintha zimasonyeza kuti palibe beta yomwe imatha kupangidwa ndi chromosome.
Beta kuphatikizapo thalassemia : Globeta ya Beta imapangidwa ndi ndalama zochepa. Mtengo wa beta globin umapangidwa mosiyana kwambiri ndi kusintha komwe kunatengedwa. Zosintha zina zimapanga pafupifupi glob beta zomwe zimawapangitsa kuchipatala mofanana ndi beta zero.
Kusamukira kufunikira
Mkulu wa Beta Thalassemia: Beta Thalassemia yaikulu ikufotokozedwa ndi kufunikira kwa kuika magazi nthawi zambiri, kawirikawiri pamwezi (kutchedwa hypertransfusion therapy).
Beta thalassemia intermedia : Kutaya magazi m'thupi moyenera komwe kumafuna kuika magazi nthawi zina (panthawi ya matenda, kutha msinkhu, etc.) koma osati nthawi zonse.
Beta thalassemia khalidwe / laling'ono : Izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi asapitirire kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi.
Kodi Beta Thalassemia Apezeka Bwanji?
Kawirikawiri, wamkulu wa beta thalassemia amadziwika pa chithunzi chobadwa kumene . Mwa anawo, mayeserowa amatha kudziwa yekha hemoglobin F (kapena fetal), palibe hemoglobin A. Ana awa amatumizidwa ku katswiri wamatenda kuti ayang'ane mosamala. Ena odwala kwambiri a thalassemia intermedia odwala amadziwika motere.
Odwala ena ochepetsedwa adzadziwika pa chizolowezi chokwanira magazi (CBC). CBC idzawonetsetsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi maselo ofiira ochepa kwambiri. Izi zingasokonezedwe ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Kusanthula kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mbiri ya hemoglobin (yomwe imatchedwanso electrophoresis). Mu beta thalassemia intermedia ndipo khalidweli limayesa kukwera mu hemoglobin A2 (mtundu wachiwiri wa hemoglobin wamkulu) ndipo nthawi zina F (fetal).
Kodi Chipatala cha Beta Thalassemia ndi chiyani?
Beta thalassemia trait safuna mankhwala. Anthu okhala ndi beta thalassemia khalidwe adzakhala ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
Kuchulukitsidwa: Odwala omwe ali ndi beta thalassemia amafunikira kuika magazi nthawi zonse. Mankhwala othandizira kutulutsa magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera maselo ofiira a magazi m'magazi.
Odwala a Beta thalassemia intermedia angafunike kuchipatala panthawi ya matenda ndi kutha msinkhu.
Chithandizo cha Iron Chelation: Odwala omwe ali ndi beta thalassemia akulu amalandira zitsulo zochulukira kupyolera m'magazi ofiira magazi. Chitsulo chochulukirachi chingayambitse ziwalo, makamaka mtima. Iron chelation imathandiza thupi kuchotsa chitsulo. Izi zingaperekedwe monga mankhwala amlomo kapena kulowetsedwa pansi pa khungu. Odwala omwe ali ndi beta thalassemia intermedia akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yambiri yachitsulo ngakhale kuti palibe magazi omwe amawonjezereka kwambiri kuti awonjezere kuyamwa kwa chitsulo m'matumbo aang'ono.
Splenectomy : Mphuno imatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira (hemolysis) komanso kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi m'matumbo. Ngati kuika magazi kuwonjezeka kapena kuwerengeka kwa maselo a magazi kumapita pansi chifukwa chotsinja m'matumbo, nthata iyenera kuchotsedwa opaleshoni.
Hydroxyurea: Hydroxyurea wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera kupanga fetamu ya hemoglobin. Kupambana kwakhala kusinthika.