Zizindikiro zamakono zikukhala mbali yofunikira ya njira zambiri zothandizira ndi zogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo kafukufuku m'munda uno akukula mofulumira. Zina mwa malo osangalatsa kwambiri ndi mafupa , mafupa , matenda a khansa ndi chisamaliro cha mano.
Chilengedwe ndi chinthu chomwe chakonzedwa kuti chitenge mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolera njira yothandizira kapena kuchiritsa .
Ngakhale kuti maphunziro ochulukirapo pa biomaterials amachitika pa zinyama kapena mu-vitro panthawiyi, asayansi akulosera kuti zofufuza zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwapa m'mayesero a anthu.
Ophthalmology ndi BioMaterial
Amniotic membrane (AM) yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochita opaleshoni yokonzanso maso kwa zaka zambiri. Posachedwa, njira zatsopano zakhala zikupangidwira kuti m'malo mwa cornea pakhale bwino. Kuchita opaleshoniyi nthawi zambiri kumachitika ngati pali kuwonongeka kwamuyaya kwa diso limene limayambitsidwa ndi matenda kapena zamoto.
AM imapezeka kuchokera mkatikati mwa placenta ndipo imakhala yotsutsa-yotupa ndi yotsutsana ndi katundu, yomwe imapangitsa kukhala membrane wabwino m'malo mwake. Komabe, minofu mwachibadwa ndi yopyapyala komanso yofiira, yomwe imakhudza masomphenya a munthu. Asayansi tsopano akufufuzira njira zoyenera komanso zofotokozera bwino AM pakupanga mapuloteni ophwanyika. Amakhulupirira kuti zomwe apeza zikuthandizira AM kupititsa patsogolo njira zowonjezera opaleshoni ya diso la munthu.
Zida zowonjezera matenda opatsirana khansa komanso chithandizo
Panalinso chitukuko chochulukirapo pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala pochiza khansa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zoyambirira kuti adziwe matenda ndi khansa zosiyanasiyana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana khansa m'njira yowonjezera.
Njira zothandizira mimba mwachindunji zazindikiridwa ngati njira yabwino yochizira khansara. Amatha kupweteka kwambiri ku maselo a khansa ndipo amachititsa zotsatira zochepa.
Chifukwa cha khansa yapadera, akatswiri ochokera ku yunivesite ya Adelaide, ku Australia, adapanga ndi kupanga zitsulo zamtundu wa 3D titaniyamu ndi titania nanotube zida zomwe zingathe kunyamulidwa ndi mankhwala a khansa ndipo zimakhala ngati mankhwala opangira mankhwala. Maphunziro awo anawonetsa kuti pamene kansa ya mankhwala imaperekedwa ndi ma implants atsopano, maselo a khansa ya m'mawere sakanatha kukhala ndi moyo. Pakati pa kafukufuku wawo, patatha masiku atatu atalowa, maselo otupa anayamba kuyambiranso. Ofufuzawo akugogomezera kuti njira yatsopano ya chemotherapeutic ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi mitundu ina ya khansa m'tsogolomu.
Kupereka mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku malo enieni a mankhwalawa ndi njira yomwe ikuyesedwanso m'madera ena azachipatala. Mwachitsanzo, matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe akhala akukula chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, akhoza kuchiritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapulaneti atsopano. Miyendo ya siliva yowonjezera ya siliva yamagetsi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa makoswe kuti apereke maantibayotiki kumbali ya matenda osagonjetsedwa.
Pa kafukufuku wa zinyama, nanoplatforms asonyezedwa kuti ndi opambana kwambiri popha mabakiteriya, panthawi yomweyo amagwiritsa ntchito onse siliva ndi maantibayotiki.
Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Dr Tanya Levingstone wochokera ku Royal College of Surgeons ku Ireland (RCSI) akufufuza malo ena osangalatsa a kafukufuku wamakono. Levingstone ndi mbali ya Bone ndi Tissue Engineering Research Group. Gululi lasintha kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zomwe zingathandize kusintha magulu owonongeka. Gulu lofufuzira linagwirizanitsa ndi malo osakafukufuku AMBER (Zofufuza Zapamwamba ndi Kafukufuku wa BioEngineering) ndipo anapanga phalasitiki ya 3D yowonongeka yomwe ili ndi collagen, hydroxyapatite ndi hyaluronic acid.
Zinthu zonsezi zilipo mu mgwirizano wathanzi ndipo zimatha kuyendetsa maselo a thupi kukonzanso ziwalo zowonongeka.
Pa kafukufuku wawo waposachedwapa, akatswiri ofufuza a ku Ireland anayeza pulogalamuyi pa foni ya miyezi 15. Hatchi inali kudwala matenda opweteka a maondo ake onse otchedwa osteochondritis dissecans. Zina za matendawa zingakhale zovuta kwambiri zinyama zomwe zimafunika kuti zikhale zolimbikitsidwa. Pambuyo pokonza njira zowonongeka zamagulu zomwe zinachotsa zidutswa zosasunthika za mawondo, zowonjezera zowonjezera zidaikidwa m'ziwalo za akavalo. Chotsatira chake, fupa ndi fupa latsopano linapanga, monga momwe adafukufukufukufukula miyezi isanu pambuyo pa njira yoyamba. Kavalo wamng'ono yemwe anali ndi chiyembekezo chamakono tsopano akubwerera ku maphunziro a zochitika zowonekera.
Nkhaniyi ili ndi patenthedwe ndipo tsopano ikudziwika kuti ChondroColl. Ndicho chida chachiwiri cha timuyi m'munda wa kubwezeretsa mafupa. Poyamba, iwo adapanga ndi kuyesa fupa lokonzanso mafupa lotchedwa HydoxyCall, lomwe lavomerezedwa kale kale ndipo laperekedwa ku msika ndi kampani yoyamba kuchokera ku RCSI, yotchedwa SugarColl Technologies. ChondroColl ikuyembekezera kulandira chilolezo, ndipo maphunziro oyambirira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la osteochondral amayenera kuyamba posachedwa.
Kuletsa Kutha kwa Dzino
Ofufuza kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Pennsylvania akuyang'ana njira zowonjezera zochotsera chikhomo cha mano chomwe nthawi zina chimayambitsa kuyamba kwa dzino. Anapanga mankhwala othandizira nanoparticles ndi ntchito yofanana ndi peroxide yomwe ingasokoneze matrix omwe amateteza mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka mkamwa mwako. Njira yatsopanoyi yayamba kale kuyesedwa pazithunzi zamakono ndipo yasonyeza kuchepa kwa dzino. Gululo likuyembekeza kuti posachedwapa ligwiritse ntchito chidziwitso ichi pochiza matenda opatsirana a munthu. Akufuna kuti aziphatikizirapo mankhwala othandizira kupanga mankhwala opangira mankhwala a mano ndi mankhwala a mouthwash monga njira yatsopano yotsutsana ndi kulira kwa dzino.
Zotsatira:
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Gao L, Liu Y, Koo H, et al. Nanocatalysts imalimbikitsa Streptococus mutans kugwilitsila nchito kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya ndi kuonjezera kupha kwa bakiteriya kuti achotse caries yamazinyo mu vivo. Zachilengedwe [zolemba pa intaneti]. May 29, 2016; 101: 272-284.
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Gwirani J, Levingstone T, David F, et al. Kukonza kwa osteochondritis akuluakulu osokoneza ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi makina amitundu yosiyanasiyana omwe amamangidwa ndi munthu wothamanga. Journal of Engineering Tissue And Medicener regenerative [mzere wa intaneti]. May 20, 2016; Ipezeka kuchokera ku MEDLINE, Ipswich, MA. Idapezeka pa June 11, 2016.
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