Gartner amatchedwa blockchain imodzi mwa njira 10 zamakono zamakono zamakono za 2018. Consumer Electronics Show chaka chino (CES) ku Las Vegas chinatanthauzira kuti ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zosangalatsa zawonetsero. Ngati mwangoyamba kupita ku chitukuko china kapena kudutsa mumagazini ya tech, mwinamwake mwawona kale buzz yoyandikana ndi blockchain.
Mapulogalamu a Blockchain anayamba kufotokozedwa kuti athe kuyendetsa ndalama.
Phindu la blockchain ndizolemba zolembera zolembedwera bwino, kupeŵa kufunika kwa wina wodalirika. Pakalipano, Bitcoin cryptocurrency ndi ntchito yodziwika bwino ya blockchain, koma pali ena ambiri. Nyumba zatsopano za blockchain zakonzedwa kuti zithandize mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mphamvu, zokopa alendo, zoyendetsa, ndi chipatala.
Mu chithandizo chamankhwala, blockchain adatamandidwa chifukwa choonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha deta ndi chitetezo chotsimikizirika komanso kuonetsetsa kuti munthu ali ndi mwayi wolandira mauthenga apakompyuta . Komanso, pogwiritsa ntchito lusoli, mosakayikira n'kosatheka kuthetsa deta kapena zolakwika. Ngakhale zili choncho, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti blockchain ndi imodzi mwa makina osamvetsetseka kwambiri ndipo sikuti zonsezi ndizofunikira kwenikweni.
Nkhaniyi ikufufuza zina mwazogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zopereka za blockchain mu chithandizo chamankhwala chamakono.
Kodi Blockchain Technology N'chiyani?
Mabotolo, omwe amatchedwanso otsogozedwa, amalemba zochitika zomwe angathe kugawana anzanu. Zimasintha-zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatsatira lamulo la "lembani kamodzi ndikuwerenga kokha." Mwa kuyankhula kwina, malipoti akhoza kuwonjezedwa koma osachotsedwa. Bwalo lililonse likhoza kulembedwa, ndipo kufikitsa uthenga ndi kotheka kokha ndi mafungulo olondola a cryptographic.
Choncho, blockchains amaonedwa kuti ali payekha. Chifukwa cha makiyi a cryptographic, palinsobe kusowa kwa ogulitsa kapena oyang'anira kuti apeze deta yovuta.
Nthawi zambiri mabotcha amatchulidwa kuti "olamulira," zomwe zikutanthauza kuti magulu angapo amatha kugwira ntchito, ndipo palibe ulamuliro woposa iwo. Aliyense wogwira nawo ntchito amakhala ndi mbiri yazomwe akudziwa. Chikhalidwe ichi chimatanthauzanso kuti blockchains ali otetezedwa kuntchito ndi kunja, monga kuzunzidwa. Mwachitsanzo, WannaCry yomwe inachititsa kuti anthu ambiri asokonezeke ndi magetsi a m'chaka cha 2017, anakhudza makompyuta okwana 200,000 m'mayiko 150 (kuphatikizapo United Kingdom National Care System). Malingaliro, blockchains angakhudzidwe kokha ngati atayikidwa pa malo ambiri.
Mark Engelhardt, yemwe ali ndi Ph.D. wochokera ku yunivesite ya Stanford ndipo tsopano ndi CEO wa Healthcoin, akutsutsa kuti kuyesa chitetezo cha technologychain blockchain, tiyenera kuyang'ana Bitcoin. Kutsegulira kwa osokoneza kwa zaka, Bitcoin, kugwiritsa ntchito blockchain, imakhalabe yovuta kwambiri, yopereka chikhulupiliro china kwa ogwiritsa ntchito m'tsogolo.
Engelhardt amakhulupirira kuti teknoloji ya blockchain (kuphatikiza ndi zigawo zofunikira zomwe zimapangidwa pa teknoloji) zingakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira thanzi, kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito zachinsinsi ndi mosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Healthel, yomwe Engelhardt anakhazikitsana, ndi imodzi mwa mipangidwe yoyamba ya blockchain yomwe imayang'ana matenda a shuga. Ndi njira yolimbikitsira yomwe imayendetsa amisiri anu (mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwa mtima, kulemera, shuga wa magazi) ndi kuwerengera kusintha kwanu pa nthawi yathanzi. Zotsatira zabwino zimakupatsani inu "Zathanzi," zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudula inshuwalansi yanu.
Zotsatira za Blockchain kwa Zogulitsa Zaumoyo
Malo ochezera mabotolo amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala ndi mwayi watsopano. Ntchito zina zingakhale zenizeni kuposa ena, komabe. M'munsimu muli zitsanzo zomwe zikusonyeza zomwe blockchain ingagwire.
- Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo, chinsinsi, ndi kudalirika kwa kusinthanitsa deta ndi kusagwirizana.
Akatswiri ambiri a zamankhwala a zamagetsi amakhulupirira kuti zolemba zaumoyo ndi deta za mankhwala zimasungidwa bwino mumtambo. Izi zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito mosavuta kuti apeze deta yawo kusiyana ndi pamene deta ija ikukhala mu silos. Komabe, ndi miyezo yamakono yosungira mitambo, kuyanjana kumakhalabe kovuta. Mwachitsanzo, opereka chithandizo chosiyana ndi ma intaneti sangathe kulankhulana wina ndi mzake m'njira yopanda chingwe. Komanso, umphumphu ndi zowona za zolembedwa zomwe zili mu mtambo zimakhala zokayikitsa.
Blockchain ndi teknoloji yomwe ingathetsere mavutowa ndipo ingapangitse kuonjezera umphumphu ndi kusasinthasintha kwachinsinsi cha zaumoyo. Ndi teknoloji ya blockchain, uthenga wodwala ukhoza kusamutsidwa mosavuta pakati pa othandizira ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Palibe chifukwa chofunsiranso kapena munthu wamkati. M'malo mwake, malonda "ochenjera," omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito blockchain, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ina yabwino. - Kupanga zolemba zachipatala zokhudzana ndi matenda.
Kawirikawiri, makampani a blockchain amafuna kuti pakhale njira yowonjezera yodwala yomwe odwala angathe kupeza nthawi zonse kuti adziŵe ndi dokotala wawo. Mwachidziwikire, mwanjira iyi, muli ndi deta yanu, ndipo ndi inu amene amalola (kapena kulepheretsa) ena kuti apeze zolemba zanu. Kuchuluka kwa mapepala omwe pakalipano akuyenera kutsata miyezo ya HIPAA ndi vuto kwa madotolo-njira yowonongeka ndi yowonjezera ingathandize kuchepetsa zolemetsa zina.
Makampani ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi blockchain akugwira ntchito imeneyi. Mwachitsanzo, Medicalchain, kampani yogwiritsira ntchito blockchain yowunikira mauthenga a zaumoyo, yatsindika za kufotokoza zachipatala. Amafuna kuonetsetsa kuti zolemba zachipatalazi ndizolakwika, mwamsanga zimasinthidwa ndi kusamutsidwa mosavuta pakati pa malo osiyanasiyana. Njira yawo yatsopano imaphatikizapo ndondomeko yoyenera yomwe madokotala amaphunzitsidwa kutsatira. Deta yonse imayikidwa padera, kotero kugawana pakati pa zipatala, ogulitsa inshuwalansi, ndi othandizira ena ndizosavuta kusiyana ndi njira zamakono.
Medicalchain imamanganso dongosolo la blockchain limene lingagwiritsidwe ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutalandira chithandizo kunja kwa dziko lanu, dongosolo lino lidzakuthandizani kufotokozera zolemba zanu zachipatala ndi zofunikira zina zaumwini ndi otsogolera padziko lonse omwe mwasankha. - Kuchepetsa chinyengo chokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Chinyengo chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndi vuto lalikulu. Achinyengo amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti azipusitsa njira zothandizira odwala-kuchoka pamapepala a "dokotala wogulitsa" kuti apeze mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri omwe angatheke kuchokera kwa madokotala osiyanasiyana.
Kampani ya Blockchain Nuco inadza ndi njira yothetsera vutoli. Zimaphatikizapo kulembetsa malemba ndi makina owerengeka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chidziwitso, monga dzina la mankhwala, kuchuluka kwake, ndi timestamp. Katswiri wa zamankhwala amafunika kusinkhasintha code (mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito smartphone) ndipo mankhwalawa amafanizidwa motsutsana ndi blockchain. Mwanjira iyi, kulondola kwa mankhwalawa kungayang'ane mwamsanga.
Ogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana akuyembekezeredwa kutenga nawo mbali mu njira yowononga chinyengo, kuphatikizapo ogulitsa inshuwalansi, zipatala, ndi mankhwala. Aliyense wa maphwandowa akhoza kupeza malingaliro omwe ali nawo ufulu. (Deta yeniyeni imapezeka popereka makina oyenerera a cryptographic, omwe amathandiza kuti pakhale chinsinsi chaumoyo.) - Kuwongolera ndikuletsa kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zipangizo.
Anthu ambiri padziko lonse alibe mwayi wopeza mankhwala apamwamba. Komanso, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zipangizo zamankhwala zomwe amagulitsidwa kudziko lotukuka nthawi zina zimatsanzira zoyambirira. Makhazikitsidwe a blockchain angapangitse chithandizo chaumoyo kukhala chowonekera bwino ndikupatseni maphwando onse njira yoyendetsa bwino, ndikutsatira zopereka zovomerezeka kuchokera kwa wopanga mpaka wodwalayo.
Kuwongolera kotereku kungakhudze kwambiri malonda. iSolve ndi kampani yomwe yakhala ikuyesetsa kuthetsa kukhulupirika kwa mankhwala. Iwo akhala akuyambitsa malingaliro a blockchain muzinthu zogulitsa ndipo akugwira ntchito pamodzi ndi makampani ambiri apamadzi. - Kupititsa patsogolo ndondomeko zoyesedwa zachipatala ndi kafukufuku wamankhwala
Ndemanga yomwe inalembedwa mu The BMJ inanena kuti maphunziro ambiri azachipatala sanafalitsidwe konse. Ndipotu, kafukufukuyu wasonyeza kuti pafupipafupi, peresenti 36 peresenti ya zofukufuku zimafalitsidwa mkatikati mwa zaka ziwiri pamene phunziroli litsirizidwa. Zotsatira zoipa kwenikweni zimanyalanyazidwa. Ngati simunatsimikizidwe, izi zidzapitiriza kukhala ndi zotsatira zothandiza pa zamankhwala, osatchula kafukufuku wa zamankhwala ndi kuchipatala.
Zolemba zowonongedwa pamabotolo za mayendedwe a zamankhwala (kuphatikizapo zotsatira zake) zingathandize kuthandizira kafukufuku wamankhwala m'njira yoyenera. Pokhala ndi zolemba zosasinthika zomwe zilipo, chiopsezo cha kunyalanyaza deta kupyolera mu malipoti osankhidwa chikhoza kuchepetsedwa. Akatswiri ena amanenanso kuti mgwirizano pakati pa ophunzira ndi ochita kafukufuku ukhoza kukwera ndi dongosolo lotseguka. Kuwonjezera apo, kusungirako zida zazikulu za deta ndikugawana nawo kungakhale kosavuta. Mwa njira iyi, ofufuza ochokera padziko lonse lapansi angakhale ndi mwayi wophunzira. Ochita kafukufuku akhoza kugwirizanitsa maphunziro oyambirira ndi deta zawo, zomwe zitha kuwonjezera mgwirizano wapadziko lonse. - Chipinda chodula mitengo ndi mafakitale a mano.
Dentacoin ndi chitsanzo cha polojekiti ya blockchain yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'midzi yamazinyo. Ndi cryptocurrency yomwe ingakhale yopindula kapena yogula. Mwachitsanzo, odwala amapatsidwa mphotho "Zowonongeka" posiya kafukufuku wothandizira mano ndipo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mphotho ya Dentacoin chifukwa cha ma mano. Purportedly, makliniki ena a mano akuvomereza kale ndalama iyi.
Okonza Dentacoin akukonzekera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mautumiki. M'tsogolomu, zingatheke kukhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi opereka mano anu pogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo.
Ubwino ndi Ngozi Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zipangizo Zam'madzi mu Umoyo Wathanzi
Ngakhale teknoloji ya blockchain ikulimbikitsa chisangalalo chachikulu, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti teknolojiyi ndi chida chabe. Mwachitsanzo, chidziwitso chomwe chimaikidwa pa blockchain si cholondola kapena chapamwamba. Kuti tipindule mokwanira ndi teknolojia yamakono iyi, kukonzekera mwakhama kumafunikira, ponse pa luso laumisiri komanso muyezo woyang'anira. Komanso, powapatsa mphamvu komanso kulamulira mauthenga azachipatala kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, tiyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti alandira maphunziro okwanira kuti akhale omasuka ndi teknoloji yatsopanoyi.
Pakalipano, malingaliro ambiri a blockchain omwe adakambilana adakali mu gawo lawo la alpha kapena beta. Akatswiri amachenjeza kuti ndizofunikira izi zatsopano sizimatulutsidwa mofulumira pamsika. Timangophunzira momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito matekinoloje a blockchain. Komabe, blockchain ali ndi lonjezo lalikulu kuti azitha kusintha chithandizo chamankhwala athu, ndipo akuyembekezeredwa kuti apereke njira yopezera thanzi labwino komanso lokhazika mtima pansi.
> Zotsatira:
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> Chen R, Chau K, Lu D, et al. Kufalitsa ndi kulengeza za zotsatira za mayesero a kachipatala: Kusanthula magawo osiyanasiyana pa zamankhwala. BMJ, 2016; 352;
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> Mattei T. Zosungidwa, Chinsinsi, ndi Chitetezo cha Zaumoyo Za Zaumoyo: Zomwe Tikuphunzira kuchokera ku WannaCry Posachedwa Cyberattack. World Neurosurgery , 2017; 104: 972-974.