Drones kapena magalimoto osagwira ntchito (UAVs) akuwonekera ngati chithandizo chamankhwala chatsopano chomwe chingathandize kuchepetsa mavuto omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndikupangitsanso kusamalidwa kwaumoyo. Akatswiri akukambirana njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira drones, kuchotsa thandizo lothandizira tsoka pofuna kutumiza ziwalo zowokera ndi magazi. Drones ali ndi mphamvu zonyamulira malipiro ochepa ndipo akhoza kuwatsogolera mofulumira kumene akupita.
Mapindu a teknoloji ya drone poyerekeza ndi njira zina zoyendetsera zinthu ndi monga kupeĊµa magalimoto m'madera ambiri, kusokoneza misewu yoyipa yomwe malowa ndi ovuta kuyenda ndi kupeza malo obwera koopsa m'mayiko ozunguliridwa ndi nkhondo. Ngakhale kuti drones sagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira pa zochitika zadzidzidzi ndi ntchito zopereka chithandizo, zopereka zawo zakhala zikudziwika bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mu chaka cha 2011 cha Fukushima ku Japan, drone inayambika m'deralo. Zina mwazidzidzidzi zimagwiritsa ntchito ma radiation mu nthawi yeniyeni, zothandizira pakukonzekera mwamsanga. Posachedwapa, mphepo yamkuntho yotchedwa Hurricane Harvey, a 43 a drone anavomerezedwa ndi Federal Aviation Administration kuti athandizidwe ndi mayiko ena.
Drones Ambulensi yomwe Imatha Kupulumutsa Mafotolovu
Monga gawo la pulogalamu yake yomaliza, Alec Momont wa ku University of Technology ku Delft anapanga drone yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazidzidzidzi panthawi ya mtima.
Drone wake wosasunthika ali ndi zipangizo zamankhwala zofunika, kuphatikizapo kachidutswa kakang'ono ka mankhwala.
Ponena za kubwezeretsanso, kufika pa nthawi yake pamalo odzidzidzidwa kawirikawiri ndizovuta kwambiri. Pambuyo kumangidwa kwa mtima, ubongo umakhala mkati mwa mphindi zinayi kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi, kotero palibe nthawi yotaya. Nthawi yowonjezera yowonjezera nthawi yayitali pafupifupi maminiti 10, ndipo mwatsoka anthu asanu ndi atatu okha a anthu omwe akudwala matenda a mtima amapulumuka.
Mavuto a Momont amatha kusintha kwambiri kuvutika kwa mtima kwa moyo. Ndege yake yodutsa ndege imangolemera makilogalamu 4 ndipo imatha kuyenda pamtunda wa makilomita 100 (62 mph). Ngati mwakhazikika muli m'mizinda yambiri, ingathe kufika pamalopo mwamsanga. Zimatsatira chizindikiro cha telefoni yoyendetsa telefoni pogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono za GPS ndipo zimapangidwanso ndi ma webcam. Pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, ogwira ntchito mofulumira akhoza kukhala ndi chiyanjano ndi aliyense amene akuthandiza. Woyamba kumvetsera pa webusaiti amapatsidwa ndi defibrillator ndipo akhoza kuuzidwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chipangizochi komanso kudziwitsidwa pazochitika zina kuti apulumutse moyo wa munthu amene akusowa.
Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi ofufuza a Karolinska Institute ndi Royal Institute of Technology ku Stockholm, ku Sweden, adasonyeza kuti m'madera akumidzi, mofanana ndi zomwe amayi a Momont anapeza, mofulumira kwambiri kuposa maulendo opatsirana opatsirana mwadzidzidzi mu 93 peresenti ya milandu ndipo akhoza kupulumutsa Mphindi 19 pafupipafupi. M'madera akumidzi, drone inafika pamtunda wa kumangidwa kwa mtima pamaso pa ambulansi mu 32 peresenti ya milandu, kupulumutsa mphindi zisanu ndi limodzi. Kufufuza kwa Swedish kunapezanso kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yoperekera munthu wodzitetezera kunja ndikutsegula drone pamtunda wapansi, kapena, kutinso, kumasula fakitale kuchokera kumtunda wapansi.
Pulogalamu ya Phunziro la Drone ku Koleji ya Bard inapeza kuti ntchito zosayembekezereka ntchito za drones ndizokula mofulumira kwambiri pa ntchito ya drone. Pali, komabe, zovuta zomwe zikulembedwa pamene drones amagwira nawo mayankho ofulumira. Mwachitsanzo, drones anadodometsa zoyesayesa za ozimitsa moto akulimbana ndi moto wa ku California mu 2015. Ndege yaing'ono imatha kuyendetsa ndege zowonongeka, zomwe zimachititsa ndege zonse kugwa. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ikukonzekera ndi kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yotsatila malamulo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito ya UAV ndi yovomerezeka, makamaka pamoyo ndi imfa.
Kupereka Mafoni Anu Afoni
SenseLab, wa Technical University ku Crete, Greece, anabwera muchitatu mu 2016 Drones for Good Award, mpikisano wa UAE padziko lonse ndi oposa 1,000 ochita nawo mpikisano. Kulowa kwawo kunapanga njira yatsopano yosinthira foni yamakono kukhala foni yaing'ono yomwe ingawathandize pazidzidzidzi. Foni yamakono yamakono imaphatikizidwa ku drone yachitsanzo yomwe ikhoza, mwachitsanzo, kupita ku pharmacy ndikuperekanso insulini kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.
Phwando la foni liri ndi mfundo zinayi zofunika: 1) zimapeza thandizo; 2) amabweretsa mankhwala; 3) amalembera malo okhudzidwa ndi mauthenga omwe amalembedwa kale; ndi 4) kumathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kupeza njira yawo pamene atayika.
The drone smart ndi imodzi mwa patsogolo SenseLab ntchito. Iwo akufufuza njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito ma UAV, monga kulumikiza drones kwa zamoyo za munthu amene ali ndi vuto la thanzi komanso kupereka yankho ladzidzidzi ngati thanzi la munthuyo lidakwera mwadzidzidzi.
Ochita kafukufuku akuyang'aninso kugwiritsa ntchito drones popereka komanso kulumikiza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu omwe amakhala m'midzi. Gulu ili la odwala nthawi zambiri limafuna nthawi zonse kufufuza ndi mankhwala odzoza. Drones amatha kupereka mankhwala mosamala komanso kusonkhanitsa kitsulo kazitsulo, monga mkodzo ndi magazi, kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira ndalama komanso ndalama zothandizira odwala komanso kuchepetsa mavuto kwa osamalira.
Kodi Drones Angatengere Zochitika Zopangidwira?
Ku United States, drones zamankhwala sayenera kuyesedwa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zambiri zowonjezera zimafunika pa zotsatira zomwe ndegeyo ili nayo pa zitsanzo zovuta komanso zipangizo zachipatala. Ofufuza a Johns Hopkins anapereka umboni wakuti zinthu zovuta, monga zitsanzo zamagazi, zimatha kunyamulidwa bwino ndi drones. Dr. Timothy Kien Amukele, yemwe ndi katswiri wa zachipatala yemwe adatsutsa mfundoyi, ankadandaula za kuchepa kwa drone ndi kukwera kwake. Kusungunuka kumatha kusokoneza maselo a magazi ndikupanga zitsanzo zosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwamwayi, ziyeso za Amukele zasonyeza kuti magazi sanakhudzidwe ngati atakwera mu UAV yaing'ono kwa mphindi 40. Zitsanzo zomwe zinkayenda zinkafanizidwa ndi zitsanzo zomwe sizinayendetse, ndipo zizindikiro zawo zosiyana siyana sizinali zosiyana kwambiri. Amukele anapanga mayeso ena omwe ndegeyo inatha, ndipo drone inafika makilomita 258, yomwe inatenga maola atatu. Ichi chinali chiwerengero chatsopano chotsitsira zitsanzo zamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito drone. Zitsanzozo zinkayenda m'chipululu cha Arizona ndipo zidasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira, chomwe chinasunga zitsulo pa firiji pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochokera ku drone. Zotsatira zamabuku zotsatizana zasonyeza kuti zitsanzo zofanana ndi zofanana ndi zomwe sizinayendetsedwe. Pali kusiyana kochepa komwe kumawoneka mu shuga ndi potaziyamu, koma izi zikhoza kupezedwa ndi njira zina zoyendetsera katundu ndipo mwina chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kayendedwe ka kutentha kwazitsulo.
Gulu la Johns Hopkins likukonzekera phunziro la woyendetsa ndege ku Africa lomwe silili pafupi ndi labungwe lapadera-kotero kupindula ndi makanema amakono a zamankhwala. Chifukwa cha kuthawa kwa drone, chipangizocho chikhoza kukhala choposa njira zina zonyamulira, makamaka m'madera akutali komanso opanda chitukuko. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, malonda a drones akuwachititsa kuti azikhala otsika mtengo poyerekezera ndi njira zina zoyendetsera zinthu zomwe sizinasinthe mofanana. Drones amatha kukhala wosintha masewera a masewera a zamagetsi, makamaka kwa iwo omwe amalephera ndi zovuta za malo.
Akatswiri ambiri ofufuza kafukufuku akhala akugwira ntchito zowonongeka zomwe zingathandize kudyetsa drones. Malangizowa angathandize othandizira kupanga chisankho pamene akutsogolera mayankho a mwadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezereka kwa kutalika kwa ndege ya drone kumapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo itheke, pamene kuwonjezereka kwa drone kumachepetsa kuchepetsa ndalama ndikuwonjezera dera la utumiki.
Makampani osiyanasiyana akuyang'ananso njira za drones kuti azikolola mphamvu kuchokera ku mphepo ndi dzuwa. Gulu lochokera ku Xiamen University ku China ndi University of Western Sydney ku Australia ikukonzanso njira yothetsera malo osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito UAV imodzi. Mwachindunji, iwo ali ndi chidwi ndi kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka magazi, kulingalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kulemera kwa magazi, kutentha ndi nthawi. Zomwe anapeza zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumadera ena, mwachitsanzo, kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito drone.
> Zotsatira:
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