Nchiyani chikuchititsa ngozi yowonjezera mavuto ena azaumoyo?
Achinyamata ochepetseredwa ndi achinyamata ndi achinyamata omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amuna okhaokha, amuna okhaokha, ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kufotokozeranso kumaphatikizapo anthu omwe sadziwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa magulu awa koma omwe amagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Achinyamata omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha achinyamata ndi omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amuna okhaokha kusiyana ndi omwe anawapatsa atabadwa. Akhoza kapena sangathenso kuzindikira kuti ali ochepa.
Komabe, magulu awiriwa amakhala akuphatikizana pamodzi ndi ofufuza. Gawo la achinyamata limayamba kufalikira kumapeto kwa sukulu ya sekondale (~ 17 mpaka 18).
Achinyamata akugonana komanso abambo amachokera kumidzi yonse. Amapezedwanso m'mitundu yonse ndi mafuko onse. Ndipotu, achinyamata omwe ali ndi chiwerewere ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi omwe ali amitundu yochepa amakhala ndi mavuto aakulu. Izi zikhoza kuwonedwa pa zotsatira zaumoyo wawo komanso zomwe zimachitikira chisankho ndi tsankho. Achinyamata ambiri amalankhula za momwe iwo amadziwira komanso zochitika zawo mosiyana. Iwo amadziwa kuti zambiri, zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana za moyo zimakhudza tsiku ndi tsiku zochitika zawo. Sikuti ndi mtundu, kalasi, kapena kugonana. Zonse ndi zitatu, ndipo mwinamwake zifukwa zina pambali.
Kusiyanitsa pakati kumatanthawuza kuti "Zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pakati pa magulu a anthu monga mtundu, kalasi, ndi chikhalidwe monga momwe zimagwiritsira ntchito munthu wopatsidwa kapena gulu, akuwona kuti ndikulenga njira zowonongeka komanso zosagwirizana." - Oxford Dictionaries
Pafupifupi kamodzi chaka chilichonse kapena ziwiri, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention zimapanga kafukufuku wa achinyamata ku sukulu 9 mpaka 12. Kufufuza kumeneku kumatchedwa Survey Risk Behavior Survey, kapena YRBS. Ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino zopezera chithunzithunzi cha thanzi la achinyamata ku US Ngakhale kuti silili langwiro, likuyang'ana zitsanzo zazikuru komanso zosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe maphunziro ambiri angasamalire.
Zimayendetsanso nthawi zonse, ndipo mafunso ambiri amakhalabe osapitirira nthawi. Izi zimapatsa ochita kafukufuku mpata wapadera kuyang'ana mchitidwe. Zomwe zikuchitikazi zikuphatikizapo zoopsa zaumoyo pakati pa achinyamata ogonana ndi achinyamata omwe ali achinyamata.
Kusiyana kwaumoyo pakati pa achinyamata a LGBTQ
Kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wapeza mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo omwe amachititsa kuti achinyamata komanso achichepere (LGBTQ) achinyamata ndi achikulire azikhala ndi zibwenzi zokhudzana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Izi zikuphatikizapo mavuto azaumoyo omwe ali okhudzana ndi nkhanza zochepa.
Mwachitsanzo, chiopsezo chodzipha, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndi kupsinjika maganizo kuli ochulukitsitsa kwambiri. Komabe, zimaphatikizaponso mavuto ena azaumoyo monga kunenepa kwambiri ndi mphumu. Izi zikhoza kukhala zokhudzana ndi nkhanza zing'onozing'ono, koma mgwirizano sali wakuda ndi woyera. Achinyamata ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi omwe amachitira zachiwerewere amachitanso zachiwawa zambiri, matenda opatsirana pogonana, kachilombo ka HIV , komanso kutenga mimba kusiyana ndi anzawo ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Zotsatira za kutalika kwa matendawa zingakhale zovuta kwambiri pakupeza zovuta zogwira ntchito zaumoyo . Kusalidwa kwaumoyo ndi vuto lalikulu kwa anthu ogonana komanso amuna ochepa. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa anthu osiyana.
Mmene Mungapezere Zoopsa kwa Amayi, Amuna, Amuna, Amuna ndi Akazi a Transgender
Kusulidwa kwa 2016 kwa YRBS kumapangitsa kuti anthu asamangoganizira za chiopsezo cha thanzi lachinyamata.
Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti m'dziko lonse lapansi, 1,7 peresenti ya anthu 9 mpaka 12 anayamba kugonana ndi amuna okhaokha, 48 peresenti limodzi ndi amuna okhaokha, ndipo 4,6 peresenti ndi amuna ndi akazi onse. Magulu amenewo sanalidi ogwirizana ndi chiwerewere. Anthu omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngakhale atagonana ndi anyamata okhaokha komanso mosiyana. Pafupipafupi, achinyamata awiri pa 100 alionse omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, 6 peresenti monga amuna ndi akazi okhaokha, ndipo 3.2 anali osatsimikizika za chiwerewere chawo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, oposa oposa khumi pa sukulu ya sekondale ali ndi chidziwitso cha kugonana chomwe sichimagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
YRBS imakhudzidwa makamaka ndi makhalidwe oopsa a thanzi.
Amawoneka pangozi kudutsa machitidwe asanu ndi limodzi:
- Zomwe zimapangitsa kuvulazidwa mwadzidzidzi ndi chiwawa
- Kusuta fodya
- Mowa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
- Zizolowezi za kugonana zokhudzana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso mimba yosakonzekera
- Kudya kosayenera
- Kusagwira ntchito
Pazinayi za mitundu ija, khalidwe lalikulu la zoopsa linachitika kawirikawiri muunyamata wang'ono wogonana. Malo okhawo omwe achinyamata omwe anali achinyamata ochepetsera kugonana sankakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowononga.
Zina mwa malo omwe achinyamata ogonana omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu akhoza kukudabwitsani. Mwachitsanzo, achinyamata omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amuna ogonana kapena omwe amagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala oyenera:
- Lembani kuvala chovala chapamwamba pamene wina akuyendetsa galimoto
- Yendani m'galimoto komwe dalaivala anali ndiledzere kapena akuyendetsa galimoto akumwa
- Tengani chida pa sukulu (ngakhale kuti sankanyamula mfuti)
- Muwopsezedwe kapena kuvulala ndi chida pamene muli kusukulu
- Pewani sukulu chifukwa cha nkhawa
- Zomwe zimakuvutitsani kapena kukuvutitsani kusukulu
- Yesani kusuta fodya
- Utsi kapena kumwa mowa asanakwanitse zaka 13
- Yesani chamba, cocaine, chisangalalo, methamphetamine ndi / kapena heroin kamodzi
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
- Khalani ndi kugonana kwa nthawi yoyamba musanafike zaka 13
- Imwani mowa kapena muzigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala musanayambe kugonana
- Khalani okakamizidwa kuti mukhale ndi kugonana kosayenera
- Kukhala ndi chiwawa chakugonana kapena kugonana
M'mawu ena iwo amachitira chiwawa m'manja mwa ena nthawi zambiri. Angakhalenso m'madera ena omwe ali pangozi. Momwemo, mwina ndizosakayikitsa kuti ophunzira ochepa ogonana amakhala oposa awiri kapena awiri omwe angakhale omvetsa chisoni kapena opanda chiyembekezo kapena amaganizira kudzipha. Ophunzira achiwerewere, amuna ndi akazi, komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ndi mwayi wofuna kudzipha kusiyana ndi anzawo omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndipo ophunzira osadziŵa anali oposa kawiri. Zowonjezera zoterezi zakhala zikupezeka nthawi ndi nthawi, pamaphunziro.
Mawu Ochokera
M'madera ambiri a US, chilengedwe cha achinyamata ogonana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha amuna ndi akazi amakula bwino pakapita nthawi. Komabe, padakali njira yayitali yopitira. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti achinyamata awa ali pachiopsezo, makamaka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu ozungulira. Mwamwayi, pali zinthu zomwe aliyense angachite kuti athandize. Izi zimaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa kulemekeza anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana popanga malo owoneka, otetezeka a achinyamata ogonana ndi anyamata ochepa.
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti achinyamata ndi achinyamata omwe ali achinyamata ndi akuluakulu aliwonse kulikonse. Nchifukwa chake kukoma mtima si chinthu "nthawi ina". Kupanga thanzi, kuvomereza zozungulira ndi chinthu chomwe tiyenera kuyesetsa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso m'njira iliyonse. Izi sizikutanthauza kungowononga chidani chachikulu ndi magulu angapo koma kupititsa patsogolo zokhuza kugonana ndi maphunziro a zaumoyo kuti zikhale ndi mfundo zomwe zili zenizeni komanso zogwirizana ndi aliyense.
Si anthu onse omwe amafunikira maphunziro owonjezera. Ophunzira azachipatala ndi othandizira ena amalandira zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugonana komanso kugonana. Mwamwayi, pali kayendetsedwe kamene kamapangitsa kuti zichitike mu sukulu zamankhwala ndi mapulogalamu ena ophunzitsira. Tsoka ilo, akadali njira yayitali yopitira.
> Zotsatira:
> Coleman E. Maphunziro a zaumoyo pa zachipatala mu Sukulu ya zachipatala: Ndondomeko yayikulu. Virtual Mentor. 2014 Nov 1; 16 (11): 903-8. lembani: 10.1001 / virtualmentor.2014.16.11.medu1-1411.
> Grant, Jaime M., Lisa A. Mottet, Justin Tanis, Jack Harrison, Jody L. Herman, ndi Mara Keisling. Kusalungama Pazomwe Zikuchitika: Lipoti la National Transgender Discrimination Survey . Washington: National Center for Transgender Equality ndi National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2011.
> Kann L, Olsen EO, McManus T, Harris WA, Shanklin SL, Flint KH, Queen B, Lowry R, Chyen D, Whittle L, Thornton J, Lim C, Yamakawa Y, Brener N, Zaza S. Zogonana, Zogonana za kugonana, ndi zokhudzana ndi umoyo wathanzi pakati pa Ophunzira m'mabuku 9-12 - United States ndi malo ena, 2015. Chidule cha Masewera a MMWR. 2016 Aug 12; 65 (9): 1-202. lembani: 10.15585 / mmwr.ss6509a1.
> Oxford Dictionaries. "Tanthauzo la Intersectionality mu Chingerezi :." Kusagwirizana: Tanthauzo la Intersectionality mu Oxford Dictionary (American English) (US). Oxford Dictionaries, 2016. Webusaiti. 22 Aug. 2016.