Kuchitapo kanthu pofuna kupewa kutenga matenda a salmonella kungakupulumutseni inu ndi banja lanu kuti mukhale mmodzi wa anthu mamiliyoni 1.2 ku United States omwe akudwala matendawa chaka chilichonse. Kupewa matenda ndikofunika kwambiri kwa omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda aakulu, kuphatikizapo ana, okalamba, ndi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoteteza thupi lawo .
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amatsekula m'mimba masiku angapo, pafupifupi 450 anthu amafa chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku salmonellosis.
Mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa salmonella amafalikira ndi zakudya zonyansa komanso amatha kusamalira nyama zomwe zimanyamula muzimbudzi zawo. Palibe katemera wa salmonella ndipo mukhoza kutenga matendawa kangapo, kotero ndikofunika kuti musagwirizane ndi mabakiteriya.
Kutumiza
Salmonellosis ndi matenda omwe akuphatikizapo kutsekula m'mimba, malungo, ndi mimba. Mabakiteriya amafalikira mu nyansi. Anthu ena ali ndi thanzi koma amanyamula mabakiteriya. Gwiritsani ntchito malangizo awa kuti musapereke salmonella kwa ena kapena kuwatenga :
- Nthawi zonse sambani manja anu mosamala mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, kusintha mabala, ndi musanayambe kukonza chakudya.
- Munthu yemwe ali ndi salmonellosis sayenera kukonzekera chakudya kapena kutsanulira madzi kwa ena mpaka atakhalabe zizindikiro kwa maola 48.
- Munthu yemwe ali ndi salmonelisis sayenera kubwerera kuntchito , kusamalira ana, kapena sukulu mpaka atakhalabe zizindikiro kwa maola 48.
- Musapite kusambira ngati mwakhala ndi kutsekula m'mimba maola 24 apitawo.
Kukonzekera Chakudya ndi Kusamalira
Pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito zakudya zomwe zimayesetsa kupewa matenda a salmonella. Makhalidwewa ndi ofunika pamene akudya, kuphika pakhomo, ndikukonzekera chakudya m'malesitilanti.
Oyera
- Sambani m'manja musanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito zakudya.
- Sambani malo ogwira ntchito kukhitchini ndi ziwiya ndi sopo ndi madzi mutatha kukonza chakudya chilichonse.
- Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito matayala a pamapepala osungira kuti asambe malo ophikira kukhitchini kusiyana ndi masiponji kapena zovala zamkati. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito matayala a nsalu, ayenera kutsukidwa m'madzi otentha mumsamba wotsuka.
- Sambani bwino musanawononge.
- Peel ndi kutaya masamba kapena masamba a zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
- Sungani masamba okoma mtima, monga mbatata ndi kaloti, ngati mukufuna kudya khungu.
Patukani
- Mukamagula, sungani nyama yaiwisi, nkhuku, ndi nsomba zosiyana ndi zinthu zina. Sungani izo mosiyana mu firiji.
- Mutatha kuyanjana ndi nyama yaiwisi kapena nkhuku, sambani manja, malo ogwira ntchito kukhitchini, ziwiya, mbale, mbale, ndi zina ndi sopo ndi madzi mwamsanga. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musagwiritse ntchito zida zosasamba ndi zinthu zina kuti mupatse chakudya chomwe sichidzaphika kapena nyama ikaphika.
- Ndi bwino kukhala ndi mapepala ocheka omwe amawotcha nyama yaiwisi ndi kupanga zipatso monga kuyeretsa sikungachotse mabakiteriya onse.
- Osagwira ntchito ndi nkhuku yaiwisi kapena nyama ndikugwirana khanda (mwachitsanzo, chakudya, kusintha kansalu) pa nthawi yomweyo.
Cook
- Nkhuku zophika, ng'ombe, ndi mazira bwino musanadye. Musadye kapena kumwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi mazira yaiwisi kapena mkaka wosakanizidwa. Mazira akuluakulu sangadziŵike m'zinthu zina monga msuzi wokometsera wokongoletsera, salamu yokhala ndi saladi yokhazikika, tiramisu, ayisikilimu yokongoletsedwa, mazira, mazira, mazira, ndi chisanu.
- Ngati mutatumizidwa nyama yosaphika, nkhuku kapena mazira mu lesitilanti, musazengereze kubwerera ku khitchini kuti mupitirize kuphika. Nkhuku ndi nyama, kuphatikizapo hamburgers, ziyenera kuphikidwa bwino, osati pinki pakati.
Sungani
- Sungani mafiriji ozizira ndi ozizira (40 F kapena pansi pa mafiriji).
- Chophimba ndi refrigerate mumazitema.
- Werengani ndikutsatira malangizo monga "Pitirizani kutentha" kapena "Gwiritsani Ntchito" (tsiku lina).
- Khalani okonzeka zipatso za saladi kapena zina zowonongeka mu firiji mpaka mutangoyamba kutumikira. Kutaya zinthu zocheka ngati atakhala kunja kwa firiji kwa maola oposa anayi.
General
- Mkaka wa amayi ndi chakudya chabwino kwambiri kwa ana aang'ono. Kuyamwitsa kumateteza salmonellosis ndi matenda ena ambiri. Sambani m'manja musanayamwa mwana wanu.
- Musamamwe madzi osatembenuzidwa omwe angadetsedwe ndi zinyalala za nyama.
Zinyama ndi Kuyankhulana kwa Pet
Ngakhale nyama zikhoza kutumiza salmonella kwa wina aliyense, pali magulu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu ndipo sayenera kuyanjana ndi nyama zomwe nthawi zambiri zimanyamula mabakiteriya. Magulu awa ali ndi ana, ana a zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, akuluakulu oposa zaka 65, ndi anthu omwe adachepetsa mphamvu yoteteza mthupi (kachirombo ka HIV / AIDS, chemotherapy, obwezeretsa ziwalo).
Nyama zowopsa kwambiri ndi zowomba (nkhumba, iguana, nsikidzi, njoka), amphibiyani (achule, salamanders), ndi nkhuku zamoyo (nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, turkeys).
Zinyama zina zomwe zimatha kutulutsa salmonella ndizo mbalame zazing'ono, makoswe (hamsters, nkhumba zamphongo, makoswe, mbewa), ziweto, ziweto, agalu, amphaka, ndi akavalo. Mabakiteriya amapezeka makamaka m'zimbudzi zawo, koma ubweya wawo, nthenga, zogona, zidole, chakudya, odyetserako, osayenera, kapena zitseko zidzakhalanso ndi majeremusi. Nyama izi zimakhala zathanzi komanso zimanyamula mabakiteriya.
Gwiritsani ntchito malangiziwa kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu ndi kuteteza anthu m'magulu akuluakulu oopsa:
- Sambani manja anu ndi sopo ndi madzi mutatha kuyanjana ndi zinyama, zitseko zawo, kapena ndowe zawo. Ngakhale izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyama iliyonse kapena nyama, zimakhudzidwa makamaka ndi zinyama, amphibians, kapena mbalame.
- Anthu omwe ali m'magulu omwe ali pangozi ayenera kupeŵa kukhudzana ndichinyama ndi zowonongeka, amphibiyani, ndi nkhuku zamoyo. Nyama izi siziyenera kusungidwa monga ziweto m'nyumba zomwe zili ndi magulu akuluakulu, kapena pamalo osungirako zosamalira, kusamalira akuluakulu, kapena zipatala.
- Musalole nyama zowopsa kwambiri kumadera komwe mumadya kapena kumwa. Musadye, kumwa, kapena kusuta pamene mukuzungulira nyamazo.
- Kufukula zinyama kapena maulendo a paulendo ndizosungidwa bwino kwa ana opitirira zaka zisanu, ndi kuyang'anira.
- Akuluakulu omwe ali m'magulu akuluakulu oopsa sayenera kuyeretsa chilichonse chamoyo kapena zinyama popanda kuvala magolovesi osayera. Ana a zaka zapakati pa 5 ndi pansi sayenera kupatsidwa ntchito zoterezi.
- Pamene mumatsuka zinyama kapena katundu wawo, yesetsani kuchita panja. Musataya madzi mumadzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera chakudya. Gwiritsani ntchito bleach kuti musamise mankhwala ofewa, tub, kapena chimbudzi pambuyo pake.
- Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zaka zisanu kapena zisanu, yang'anani mwanayo pafupi ndi zinyama. Musalole kuyanjana ndi nkhope ya mwana wanu kapena kumpsompsona. Thandizani mwana wanu mukasamba m'manja mukatha kusamalira nyama.
Mlimi Kumayambiriro ndi Mazira a M'mudzi
Monga kusunga nkhuku komanso kusangalala ndi mazira a kunyumba, ndikofunika kumvetsa kuopsa kwa salmonella kuntchito izi. Muyenera kugula nkhuku kapena nkhuku zowonongeka kuchokera ku zinyama zokhazikitsidwa ndi a USDA National Improve Plan (USDA NPIP). Ndibwino kuti musatenge nkhuku zanu kuchokera kwa obzala masewero kapena alimi ena a kumbuyo.
Gwiritsani ntchito malangizo awa kuti mupewe kupeza salmonella:
- Sungani kansalu yanu nthawi zonse, kuvala magolovesi ndi otetezera nsapato kapena nsapato zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mu khola.
- Sinthani chakudya ndi madzi tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Sambani manja anu mutatha kugwiritsira nkhuku kapena kusonkhanitsa mazira ndi kutero panja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mbiya yomwe siigwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera chakudya.
- Chotsani mbale zodyera ndi zinthu zina panja kapena mumadzi osagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera chakudya, kuziika ndi mankhwalawa.
- Musamadye, kumwa, kapena kusuta mbalame zanu.
- Sungani mbalame zanu kunja ndi kuchoka kumadera, kuphatikizapo patio zakunja, komwe mumakonzekera kapena kudya chakudya.
- Musalole ana osakwana zaka zisanu kuzungulira mbalame zanu ndikuyang'anira ana ena ndi akuluakulu kuti azigwira bwino mbalamezo.
- Ngati mbalame iliyonse ikudwala, ikani iyo kwa mbalame zonse ndikuyanjanitsa ndi veterinarian wanu.
- Onetsetsani kuti mbalame zanu zimalandira katemera wonse.
- Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito manyowa monga kompositi, muyenera kuchiritsidwa masiku osachepera 45 musanagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Gwiritsani ntchito malangizo awa pothandiza chitetezo cha dzira:
- Sungani mazira m'mawa uliwonse ndi madzulo.
- Kusamba mazira pambuyo pa kusonkhanitsa sikuvomerezedwa ngati Center for Disease Control (CDC) imati kusamba m'madzi ozizira kukhoza kuyambitsa mabakiteriya mu mazira. Ayeretseni kunja ndi burashi kapena nsalu.
- Kutaya mazira osweka kapena odetsedwa.
- Refrigerate mazira mu maola awiri kapena osachepera.
- Ngati mukugulitsa mazira anu, tsatirani malamulo onse a m'deralo ndi zofunikira zokhudzana ndi chilolezo.
- Mukamadya mazira a pakhomo, yophika bwino ndipo musamamwe mazira obiriwira.
Kuzindikira Kutuluka
Maofesi a zaumoyo komanso CDC amafuna malo ochipatala kuti afotokoze milandu ya salmonellosis kotero kuti athe kudziwa ndi kuyambitsa matenda. Ma laboratories am'chipatala amatumiza okhaokha a Salmonella ku ma laboratories omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino kotero kuti mtundu womwewo ukhoza kudziwika ndi wofanana ndi ena a Salmonella mmudzimo. Ngati zochitika zambiri zimachitika panthawi imodzimodzi, zikhoza kutanthauza kuti malo ogulitsira, chakudya, kapena madzi ali ndi vuto lomwe likufunikira kukonzedwa ndi dipatimenti ya zaumoyo. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri samafuna chithandizo chamankhwala a salmonellosis omwe amayendetsa njira yowona, omwe amachita amathandizira kuwonetsetsa kumeneku.
Chidziwitso pa ziphuphu zimatha kuwona pa CDC. Zitsanzo za kuphulika kwaposachedwapa zikuphatikizapo chifukwa cha mazira a nkhumba, kokonati, saladi ya nkhuku, ziphuphu zofiira, kratom, nkhumba za mbuzi, ndi nkhuku zazing'ono. Mukhoza kuwongolera kuti muwone zomwe zikuchitika.
Ngati mukumva nkhani iliyonse yokhudza kukumbukira chakudya choyenera chifukwa cha nkhawa za salmonella kapena matenda obwera ndi zakudya, fufuzani kuti muwone ngati mwagula zinthu zomwe mukuzikumbukira. Musawapse iwo.
> Zotsatira:
> Kusunga kumbuyo kwa nkhuku. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/features/salmonellapoultry/index.html.
> Salmonella. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/
> Salmonella Infection. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/salmonella.html.
> Salmonella Mafunso ndi Mayankho. USDA Kupewa Chakudya Chakudya ndi Ntchito Yoyang'anira. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/foodborne-illness-and-disease/salmonella-questions- ndi-mayankho.
> Whiley H, Ross K. Salmonella ndi Mazira: Kuchokera Kukonzekera Kukala. Tchounwou PB, ed. International Journal of Environmental Research ndi Health Public . 2015; 12 (3): 2543-2556. lembani: 10.3390 / ijerph120302543.