Chikhalidwe ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito zamoyo zomwe akuganiza kuti zimayambitsa matenda. Mitundu imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku mkodzo, chinsalu, chiwalo cha chiberekero, mmero ndi khungu. Mu nthenda za m'mimba, kuyesa kwa chikhalidwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa ngati kutukuka kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda ndipo ndi chilengedwe chiti chomwe chimayambitsa.
Kodi Chikhalidwe N'chiyani?
Chiyeso cha chikhalidwe chimazindikiritsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndipo amalola dokotala kuti apeze mankhwala oyenera komanso amapereka mankhwala molondola.
Chikhalidwe chimaphatikizapo izi:
- Chidebe. Zida zambiri zimakhala ndi Petri mbale ndi ma tubes oyesera.
- Chikhalidwe chosangalatsa. Izi ndi "goo" zomwe zamoyo zimakula. Pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya zofalitsa zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zikhale ndi malo abwino kwambiri kukula, kuchokera mchere, shuga, minerals, agar, gelling ankakonda kupanga chikhalidwe cholimba.
- Chitsanzo. Chikhalidwe chiyenera kuphatikizapo minofu kapena chitsanzo chamadzi omwe amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi kachilomboka.
Dokotala akamalamula chikhalidwe, ayenera kufotokoza mtundu wa ziwalo zoganiziridwa. Nthawi zina izi zimakhala zosavuta: chikhalidwe cha bakiteriya pachilombo kapena chikhalidwe cha tizilombo pa zilonda zamkati zomwe zimawoneka ngati herpes . Ngati sizikuwonekeratu kuti ndi zamoyo ziti, dokotala akhoza kulamulira miyambo yambiri, monga chikhalidwe cha minofu ndi chikhalidwe cha fungal cha kuthamanga kwachilendo kosazolowereka .
Ngati chikhalidwe chimazindikiritsa zamoyo, zamoyo zimatha kupezeka ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti ziwone bwino kwambiri.
Izi zimadziwika kuti ndikutenga kukhudzidwa kwa zamoyo.
Mitundu ya Chikhalidwe
Pali mitundu itatu ya zikhalidwe: olimba, madzi ndi selo.
- Chikhalidwe cholimba. Mabakiteriya ndi bowa zimakula pamtunda, zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya, mchere, ndi agar, zomwe zimachokera ku algae. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kamodzi kameneka ndi kokwanira kukula koloni yonse yopangidwa ndi maselo zikwizikwi, zomwe zimapangitsa chikhalidwe cholimba kukhala chothandiza kwambiri. Zamoyo zosiyana zidzasonyeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana, maonekedwe, kukula kwake, ndi kukula kwake, kuthandiza odwala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti adziwe bwinobwino.
- Zamadzimadzi chikhalidwe. Chikhalidwe cha madzi chimakula mu madzi osakaniza a zakudya. Zamoyo zowonjezereka zikupezeka mu chikhalidwe, mofulumira madziwo amakhala mvula. Zikhalidwe zamadzimadzi sizothandiza ngati chikhalidwe cholimba chifukwa nthawi zambiri pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo zomwe zikupezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kufotokozera zinazake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti adziwe matenda opatsirana.
- Cell chikhalidwe. Mu selo chikhalidwe, maselo a anthu ndi nyama amagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsira chikhalidwe cha selo ndi zamoyo zomwe zili pano. Kusanthula kumadalira mmene maselo amakhudzira. Kuyesedwa kwa chikhalidwe cha magulu kumaphatikizapo kuti zikhalidwe zolimba ndi zamadzimadzi, kotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga njira yachiwiri.
Zotsatira:
"Chikhalidwe." Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 31st Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2007.
"Chikhalidwe." Dikalata la Medical Stedman, Mkonzi wa 28. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. 469.