Malingana ndi National Cancer Institute, kansa ya m'mawere yoopsa imakhudza pafupifupi mkazi mmodzi mwa amayi asanu ndi atatu a ku United States, ndipo pafupifupi 5 peresenti mpaka 10 peresenti ya khansa yonse ya m'mawere ndilo choloŵa chawo.
Pakalipano, anthu ambiri amadziŵa bwino kusintha kwa majeremusi a BRCA1 ndi a BRCA2, omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa majini obadwa nawo-kapena zolakwika m'dongosolo la DNA-zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere.
Malingana ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku National Cancer Institute, omwe ali ndi zaka 70, 55 peresenti ndi 65 peresenti ya amayi omwe adalandira kachilombo ka HIV BRCA1 ndipo pafupifupi 45 peresenti ya amayi omwe adzalandira BRCA2 gene mutation adzapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Mpaka lero, kusintha kwa BRCA1 ndi BRCA2 kumapanga pafupifupi 20 peresenti mpaka 25 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mawere yonse.
Koma deta iyi imangotengera kachigawo kakang'ono ka amayi omwe angayambe matendawa. Kodi asayansi ena ali pafupi kupeza zowonjezereka za mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena zinthu zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa khansa ya m'mawere? Kwenikweni, iwo ali.
Maphunziro Awiri Anapangitsa Kuunika Kwatsopano pa Kusinthika kwa Gene
Mu October 2017, maphunziro awiri adasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Nature ndi Nature Genetics , yomwe inafotokozera zomwe zinafukulidwa m'masamba makumi awiri ndi awiri (72) omwe sanawululidwepo. Gulu lapadziko lonse, lomwe linkachita maphunzirowa, limatchedwa OncoArray Consortium, ndipo linasonkhanitsa ochita kafukufuku oposa 500 ochokera ku mabungwe oposa 300 padziko lonse lapansi-phunziroli likuyamikiridwa ngati maphunziro a khansa yambiri ya m'mawere m'mbiri.
Pofuna kusonkhanitsa mfundo za phunziro ili, ofufuza adafufuza za chiwerengero cha amayi 275,000-146,000 omwe adalandira matenda a khansa ya m'mawere. Nkhani zambirizi zikuthandiza asayansi kuzindikira kuti pali zinthu zina zomwe zingachititse amayi kuti azichita khansa ya m'mawere ndipo zingathandize kudziwa kuti mitundu ina ya khansa ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa ena.
Nazi zina mwazinthu zokhudzana ndi kafukufukuyu:
Pa kafukufuku awiri, ofufuza anapeza pafupifupi 72 kusintha kwa maselo atsopano omwe amachititsa kuti khansa ya m'mawere ikhale yobereka.
Kuti apeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini, ofufuza anafufuza DNA ya zitsanzo zamagazi kuchokera kwa amayi omwe akugwira nawo phunzirolo; pafupifupi theka anali atalandira khansa ya m'mawere. DNA inayesedwa pa malo oposa 10 miliyoni kudutsa ma genome pofuna kufufuza zizindikiro zowoneka ngati DNA mwa amayi omwe anapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi DNA mwa iwo omwe sanapezepo.
Pa mitundu 72 yomwe ofufuza apeza, 65 mwa iwo anali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'mawere.
Mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yotsalayo imayanjana ndi chiopsezo chokwanira chokhala ndi khansa yapachifuwa ya hommoni-receptor. American Cancer Society imatanthawuza mtundu uwu wa khansa ya m'mawere pofotokoza, "Ma khansa a m'mawere a hommone (kapena a hormone-negative) alibe maantirogen kapena progesterone. Chithandizo ndi mankhwala ophera ma ARV sichithandiza ma khansawa. "Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya m'mawere ingayambitse mtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere yomwe mankhwala ndi mankhwala, monga Tamoxifen kapena Femara, sangakhale okwanira.
Powonjezeredwa ku zopezeka kale, zotsatira zatsopanozi zimabweretsa chiwerengero chonse cha kusintha kwa chibadwa chokhudzana ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'mawere pafupifupi 180.
Monga tafotokozera m'nkhaniyi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majeremusi yatsopano yowonjezera chiwopsezo cha amayi kuti ikhale ndi khansa ya m'mawere ndi pafupifupi 5 peresenti mpaka 10 peresenti. Ngakhale kusintha kumeneku sikuli ndi mphamvu ngati BRCA1 ndi BRCA2, kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti zochepazi zingakhale ndi zotsatira zolemetsa kwa amayi omwe ali nawo, zomwe zingawonjezere kuthekera kwa matendawa.
Zomwe Akazi Amanena Izi Zowopsya Kukula Kachilombo ka M'thupi
Bungwe la Breastcancer.org, bungwe lomwe silinapindulepo ndi ntchito yopanga chidziwitso ndikupanga chigawo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere, akugawana nzeru iyi, "Anthu ambiri amene ali ndi kansa ya m'mawere alibe mbiri ya banja lawo.
Komabe, pamene mbiri ya banja lolimba ya khansa ya m'mawere ndi / kapena ya ovari ilipo, pakhoza kukhala chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti munthu adzalandira jini losasakanikirana ndi vuto la khansa yapamwamba. Anthu ena amasankha kuti ayesedwe kuyesera kuti apeze. Kuyesedwa kwa chibadwa kumaphatikizapo kupereka chitsanzo cha magazi kapena mphasa zomwe zingathe kulinganiziridwa kuti zinyamule zovuta zonse mu majini awa. "
Pakalipano, mitundu yambiri yowonongeka kwa matendawa ndi kusintha kwa BRCA1 ndi BRCA2. Koma monga sayansi imalongosola zina zosiyana siyana za chibadwa zokhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mawere, dokotala wanu angapangire kuti apitirize kuyesedwa ndi jenereta . Ngati mbiri yanu yaumwini kapena banja lanu ikuwonetsani kuti mungakhale chonyamulira cha zosafunikira zina za chibadwa, gulu lapamwamba kwambiri la zamoyo lingakhale lopindulitsa kwa inu. Pamene kupita patsogolo kwa ma genetic kumapitirira, njira zoyesera zowonetsera zidzathandiza kuyang'ana koyambitsa matenda a khansa ya m'mawere, njira yowonjezera yosamalira, komanso njira zabwino zothandizira.
Kodi Pali Njira Zopewera Akazi Okhoza Kutenga?
Breastcancer.org amalimbikitsa kuti amayi omwe amazindikira kuti ali ndi chibadwa chokhala ndi chibadwa cha khansa ya m'mawere, ayese kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi zochepetsera chiopsezo :
Sungani kulemera muzinthu zabwino
Yesetsani kuchita pulogalamu yowonetsera nthawi zonse
Pewani kusuta
Lingalirani kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa mowa
Kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi
Njira zowononga zowononga zingaphatikizepo:
Yambani kuyang'anitsitsa khansa ya m'mawere yobadwa nawo mu msinkhu wokalamba, malingana ndi mbiri ya banja la mkazi
Mankhwala ochizira
- Matenda osokoneza bongo, kapena kuchotsa opaleshoni ya mabere wathanzi
Mawu Ochokera
Mbiri ya banja la mkazi aliyense ndi yodabwitsa, kotero palibe kukula kwake-njira zonse zolepheretsa kapena kuchiza khansa ya m'mawere. Ngati muli pachiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere, yesetsani kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za momwe mungachepetsere chiopsezo chanu cha matendawa, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, mungapeze njira zoyenera zachipatala zomwe mungapeze.
Ngati mukukumana ndi zoopsa za khansa ya m'mawere, funsani ena kuti akuthandizeni. Mchitidwe wa khansa ya m'mawere ikukula, ndipo uli wodzaza ndi amayi ena olimba kwambiri omwe mungakumane nawo. Adzakulimbikitsani paulendo wanu. Komanso, kuthandizidwa kowonjezera kungathandize kuchepetsa kudzipatula kumene kungakhalepo ndi matenda a khansa ya m'mawere.
> Zotsatira:
> Chifuwa cha khansa ya m'mimba. Webusaiti ya American Cancer Society. Chilombo
> Mfundo za khansa: Mfundo za khansa ya m'mawere. Webusaiti ya National Cancer Institute. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html
> Michailidou K, Lindstrom S, Dennis J, et al. Kusanthula gulu kumatchula kuti 65 khansa ya m'mawere ya m'mawere. Chilengedwe. 2017. do: 10.1038 / nature24284
> Milne RL, Kuchenbaecker, KB, Michailidou K, et al. Kudziwa mitundu khumi yomwe ikukhudzana ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere ya estrogen-receptor. Nature Genetics. 2017. do: 10.1038 / ng.3785
> Phunziro Lapeza 72 Mitundu Yatsopano Yosinthika Mwachibadwa Yogwirizana ndi Khansa ya M'bwere. Webusaiti ya Breastcancer.org. http://www.breastcancer.org/research-news/72-new-genetic-mutations-linked-to-bc-found