Sitiroko ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda a mtima. Ngati muli ndi matenda a mtima, mukhoza kuyesedwa kuti musanyalanyaze kapena kupititsa kuchipatala ngati mulibe zizindikiro zovuta. Koma, ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda a mtima, nkofunika kuti musanyalanyaze. Muyenera kukhala otsimikiza kuti mupite kumalo osankhidwa onse a zachipatala chifukwa matenda a mtima angathe kukhala ndi zotsatira za thanzi labwino, chimodzi mwazoopsa kwambiri zomwe ndizopweteka.
Mitundu ya Matenda a Mtima Ophatikizidwa ndi Stroke
Kodi matenda a mtima amachititsa bwanji kusinthasintha? Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a mtima yomwe imayambitsa matenda a stroke ndipo imatha kuyambitsa matenda chifukwa cha kugwirizana pakati pa mtima ndi magazi kupita ku ubongo.
Mtima Wachibadwa Chosawonongeka (Arrhythmia)
Mtima wathanzi umamenya nthawi zonse, kumapanga mtima. Mtima uliwonse umapumpha magazi m'mthupi mwako nthawi pafupifupi 60-100 pa mphindi.
Pali mtundu wa matenda a mtima omwe amadziwika ndi kugunda kwa mtima kosasinthasintha. Chigamulo chosagwirizana cha mtima chimatchedwa arrhythmia. Mtima ukapuntha mosalekeza, izi zingayambitse zochitika zambiri zomwe zingayambitse sitiroko.
Mtundu wambiri wa arrhythmia umatchedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda . Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kumachitika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa magetsi pamtima chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mtima wa pacemaker, womwe uli m'chipinda cha mtima chotchedwa atrium yoyenera.
Nsomba zamagetsi ndi zina mwa zizindikiro za mtima wamagetsi. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazitsulo kumagwidwa ndi kugwedeza kwa magetsi kosokonezeka kwa mtima.
Arrhythmias amachititsa kuti ayambe kupweteka chifukwa pamene mtima umagunda molakwika, magazi sapita mofanana monga momwe ayenera. Mwazi wina ukhoza kuphulika m'malo mwake, mmalo mwa kuyenda bwino.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kumatchedwa stasis, kumangokhala milliseconds okha, koma ndiyo nthawi yokwanira kuti magazi apange mazenera.
Mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapangidwira ikhoza kuyenda kuchokera mu mtima kupita ku mitsempha ya carotid kapena ku ubongo, kusokoneza kufalikira mu ubongo ndi kuyambitsa zilonda za ischemic . Kuvulala kwa ubongo ndi kukwapulidwa kwa ischemic nthawi zina kumatulutsa magazi mu ubongo kupyolera mu njira yotchedwa kusintha kwa magazi. Motero, kusinthasintha kwa magazi kwa ziwalo za ischemic kungathe kuchitika ndi zilonda zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima.
Arrhythmias amapezeka pamapeto pa kafukufuku wamankhwala. Dokotala wanu akamamvetsera ndi mtima wake ndi stethoscope , amamvetsera nyimbo, choncho amatha kuzindikira ngati mtima wanu umagunda ndi chizoloŵezi chokhazikika kapena chosasintha. Kuyesedwa koyesedwa ndi mayesero ozindikiritsa monga electrocardiogram (EKG), echocardiogram, test stress kapena Monitor monitor kungakhale kofunikira kuti mudziwe bwino chitsanzo ndi chifukwa cha vuto la rhythm.
Ambiri a arrhythmias amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena opaleshoni. Ngati muli ndi arrhythmia, mungafunikire kutenga magazi owonda kuti muteteze kupwetekedwa, ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo chamankhwala chifukwa cha kulakwa kwanu kwapadera.
Chithandizo cha arrhythmia chokha sichingakhale chogwira ntchito. Kuchita opaleshoni kapena mankhwala a arrhythmia pamodzi ndi ochepa magazi amapezeka kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri popewera zilonda kuposa mankhwala a arrhythmia popanda magazi.
Kulephera kwa Mtima
Kulephera kwa mtima ndi kupwetekedwa mtima kwa mtima ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera mtima pamene ali ofooka komanso osagwira bwino ntchito. Anthu omwe ali ndi mtima wosalimba kapena osowa mtima pamtima amakhala pafupifupi 2-3 nthawi zambiri kuti amve matendawa kuposa anthu omwe alibe mtima.
Kulephera kwa mtima kumachititsa zizindikilo zingapo, kuphatikizapo kutopa, mphamvu yochepa, ndi kupuma pang'ono.
Zizindikiro izi ndi zotsatira za kuperewera kwa magazi mopanda mphamvu kwa thupi chifukwa cha kufooka kwa minofu ya mtima. Nthawi zina, anthu omwe ali ndi mtima wolephera amakhala ndi mtima wofulumira, zomwe zimayesayesa mtima kumabweretsa zofooka zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka.
Kulongosola kwa mgwirizano pakati pa mtima wolephera ndi kupwetekedwa ndi zovuta komanso zokhudzana ndi zifukwa zingapo. Imodzi mwa njira zomwe mtima woperewera umathandizira kupwetekedwa ndi kupyolera mu thupi la thupi lathupi poyankha mpweya wosaperewera komanso ntchito yowononga mtima. Thupi limayesetsa kuthetsa mavutowa mwa kumasula mahomoni angapo omwe amachititsa kuti magaziwo asungunuke, zomwe zimayambitsa mikwingwirima.
Njira ina imene thupi limayesera kulipira mtima kusokonezeka ndi kusintha mwazi wa magazi m'njira zomwe zingayambitse kudwala. Kulephera kwa mtima kungachititsenso kuti mtima usasokonezeke, womwe ukhoza kuyambitsa mtima kupanga mawonekedwe a magazi omwe amatha kupita ku mitsempha ya carotid kapena ubongo, kusokoneza magazi mu ubongo ndi kuyambitsa stroke. Ndipo chifukwa china cha kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo chokhudzana ndi kuperewera kwa mtima ndi chakuti njira zomwezi zomwe zimayambitsa mtima kusokonekera zimayambitsa matenda a mitsempha ya magazi, zomwe zimawombetsa magazi ndi majeremusi.
Matenda a Magetsi a Mtima
Mavavu a mtima ndizozing'ono zomwe zili muzipinda za mtima ndi m'mitsempha ya mtima. Mavavu awa amatumikira kuti azisamalira bwino kayendetsedwe ka magazi pamene amayenda pamtima, mkati mwa mtima, ndi kunja kwa mtima.
Mavotolo a mtima amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zovuta. Mwazi ukhoza kutuluka kapena 'kubwerera' m'njira yolakwika, zomwe zimayambitsa magazi chifukwa cha stasis. Magazi, cholesterol ndi zipangizo zina zingamamatire ndi kupanga zochepa zazing'ono pamagetsi. Zomerazi zimatha kuchoka ndipo potsirizira pake zimapita ku ubongo, kutseka mitsempha yaing'ono yamagazi mu ubongo, kusokoneza magazi ndi kuyambitsa zikwapu za ischemic. Mavavu a mtima akhoza kutenga kachilomboka, kutumiza zinyalala ndi 'zomangira' zomwe zingalepheretse mitsempha ya ubongo.
Matenda a pamphuno a mtima amavomerezedwa panthawi ya chisamaliro chachipatala pamene dokotala amamvetsera mumtima mwako kumveka ndi stethoscope. Ziphuphu za mtima zimakhala zosiyana, zosavuta mtima zimveka. Kufufuza kwina ndi mayesero opatsirana monga echocardiogram kumatha kudziwa bwino mtundu wina wa vuto la valve yamtima ndikuthandizira pomanga ndondomeko yokonza ma valve, zomwe zingaphatikizepo mankhwala kapena opaleshoni.
Mavuto a Mtima
Matenda a mtima, omwe amatchedwanso myocardial infarction (imfa ya minofu ya mtima chifukwa chosowa magazi) kawirikawiri ndizochitika zowawa zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri komanso kupuma kwa chifuwa. Malinga ndi gawo lomwe la mtima lomwe lawonongeka panthawi ya matenda a mtima, kuvulaza kungabweretse vuto la dera lowonongeka.
Ngati chifuwa cha mtima chimavulaza mbali imodzi ya mtima yomwe imalamulira mtima wamimba, arrhythmia ikhoza kuchitika. Ngati vuto la mtima limapweteka minofu ya mtima, ndiye kuti mtima wofooka wa minofu ungapangitse mtima kulephera. Mu vuto lalikulu la mtima, pangakhale kusowa magazi okwanira ku ubongo panthawi ya matenda a mtima. Choncho, munthu akhoza kudwala matenda a stroke panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi matenda a mtima.
Kuopsa koopsa kwa nthawi yaitali pambuyo pa matenda a mtima ndi chimodzi mwa zotsatira zowonongeka za matendawa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake chimodzi mwazofunikira za kusamalidwa kwa mtima kumaphatikizapo kuthana ndi kupewedwa kwa mliri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukhala ndi thanzi labwino la mafuta m'thupi komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi muzinthu zoyenera .
Matenda a Mtima ndi Kutupa
Zonsezi, matenda a mtima ndi kutupa kwa mtima sizodziwika. Matenda a mtima amachulukitsa mwayi wokhala ndi sitiroko ya ischemic kapena kupwetekedwa kwa magazi. Endocarditis ndi mtundu wa kutupa kapena matenda a minofu ya mtima. Endocarditis ingakhale yogwirizana ndi zinthu zoopsa monga ma valves mtima. Matenda a valve monga rheumatic heart disease ndi chinthu china choopsa cha matenda opatsirana pogonana. Kuyang'anira matenda a endocarditis kumafuna chisamaliro choyandikira kwambiri, ndipo opaleshoni yotsegulira ikhoza kukhala yofunikira.
Zoipa za Mtima
Zizolowezi zambiri za mtima zomwe zimayambira zimakhala ndi mwayi wochulukirapo. Mavuto amtima amtima amatchulidwa kuti amataya mtima. Pali zofooka zapachiyambi za mtima, kuphatikizapo ziphuphu za mtima ndi ziphuphu mu kapangidwe ka mitsempha ya magazi mu mtima. Chizoloŵezi chodziwika bwino cha mtima wamtunduwu ndikutsegula kapena "dzenje" mu sevalo, lomwe ndilolumikiza zipinda, zomwe zimatchedwa zipinda, za mtima.
Pulogalamu ya foramen ovale (PFO) ndi yopanda chilema m'dera la septum yomwe imalekanitsa mtima wa atria wa mtima kuchokera kumanzere a mtima wa mtima. PFO inkaonedwa kuti ndi yoopsa kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri, koma posachedwapa kufufuza kwatanthawuza kuti kungakhale kosaopsa kuposa momwe tinkangoganizira kale. Pakalipano, anthu omwe ali ndi patent foramen ovale samalangizidwa kuti apange opaleshoni.
Zambiri zapachiyambi za mtima zimapezeka mu ubwana. Komabe, pamene zofooka za mtima zapachiyambi zimachulukitsa mwayi wokhala ndi stroke ali wamng'ono, mwayi wonse wodwala matenda a stroke ali wamng'ono ndi wochepa.
Ngati muli ndi vuto la mtima wamba, ndiye kuti adokotala anu anaziwona pamene ndinu mwana kapena wamkulu. Ndikofunika kuti mupitirize maulendo ndi katswiri wa moyo mu moyo wanu wonse mpaka mutatsimikiziranso za vuto lanu lakufa.
Kodi Mungadziwe Bwanji Ngati Mukudwala Matenda a Mtima?
Zizindikiro za matenda a mtima zimasiyana malingana ndi mtima weniweni. Mavuto ena amtima amachititsa kuti munthu asatope, pamene ena amatha kupuma, koma ena amatha kutopa chifukwa chochita khama. Matenda a mtima angasonyeze ndi chizungulire .
Ngakhale kuti matenda ena samayambitsa zizindikiro, makamaka ngati ali ofatsa kapena akadali pachiyambi, mankhwala anu a chizoloŵezi amapangidwa kuti athandize kupeza matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo matenda a mtima. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chimene mungachite kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi matenda a mtima ndi kusamala za kusintha kulikonse kwa mphamvu yanu komanso kuti muonetsetse kuti mukuyesa kuyesedwa kwanu.
Mawu Ochokera
Matenda a mtima ndi achilendo, koma sizikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kuziona mozama. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mtima, musachedwe kuchipatala. Kuchiza kwa matenda a mtima kwabwera kutali ndipo mavuto ambiri a mtima angathe kusamalidwa bwino kuti asatenge zotsatira monga stroke.
Kuonetsetsa kuti kachitidwe ka mankhwala kachitidwe kawiri kawiri ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowonetsetsera kuti matendawa amapezeka msanga, asanabweretse mavuto aakulu.
> Zotsatira:
> Kutsimikizira kufunika kwa odwala kuti asatuluke zizindikiro komanso zotsatira za mtima wosalimba, Hauber AB, Obi EN, Price MA, Whalley D, Chang CL, Curr Med Res Opin. 2017 Jul 13: 1-26.