Mazirawa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitukuko ndi ntchito yobereka ya amayi.
Anatomy ya Ovaries
Mazira a mazira ndi mapaundi awiri (pafupifupi kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a amondi) mu chiberekero cha ubereki komwe mazira amawasungira ndipo estrogen imapangidwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu angapo kumbali zonse za chiberekero. Mazira amatengedwa kuchokera ku mazira oyamba kupita ku chiberekero kudzera mu mazira oyenda.
Kuzungulira pakhomo la miyendo yamagulu ndizozing'ono za fimbriae, kapena zowoneka ngati zala, zomwe zimatsogolera dzira kulowa mu chubu mwezi uliwonse.
Mavavawa Kupyolera mu Moyo Wamoyo
Mzimayi amabadwa ndi mazira onse omwe adzasowa, pafupifupi milioni imodzi m'mimba mwake. Pofika msinkhu, pamene amayamba kulandira nthawi yoyamba , chiwerengero cha mazira pa ovary iliyonse chiri pafupi 200,000 mpaka 400,000. Pazaka zake za kubala, mazira pafupifupi 300 mpaka 500 adzatuluka ndikumasulidwa pa nthawi ya ovulation. Pambuyo pa kuchepa kwa thupi, mazirawa amasiya kubala mazira, ndi atrophy (kuchepa). Chifukwa cha kutayika kwa ovariya komanso kutayika kwa maestrogen, amayi omwe amatha kutuluka m'mimba amatha kuona zizindikiro monga kutentha ndi kutentha kwa amayi. Kulephera kwa Estrogen kumapangitsanso amayi kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda odwala matenda a m'mimba, omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lawo liwonongeke.
Udindo wa mazira a m'mimba mwa msambo
Pamene zozungulira zingakhale zosawerengeka pachiyambi, zidzakhala zowonjezereka ndi masiku 28 pakati pa masiku oyambirira a nthawi iliyonse.
Mwezi uliwonse, pafupifupi 10 mpaka 12 mazira oyamwa adzayamba kukula. Mmodzi adzapitiriza kupanga mazira okhwima. Zina zonse zidzabwezeretsedwanso mu minofu ya ovari. Pafupifupi masiku khumi ndi anayi kuti ayambe kuzungulira mayi, dzira lokhwima lidzamasulidwa mu njira yotchedwa ovulation. Pambuyo pa kuvuta kwa chiwombankhanga, follicle yopanda pake imadziwika ngati corpus luteum.
Icho chidzabala progesterone ndi mahomoni ena ofunika kwambiri pa mimba kwa masiku 14.
Progesterone imathandiza kukonzekera ndi kubwezera chiberekero cha chiberekero chokhazikika ngati feteleza ya dzira ndi umuna imapezeka. Komanso, ngati feteleza zimachitika, thandizo la mahomoni lidzapitirira m "mimba kuti tipewe mazira ena kukhwima. Ngati feteleza sizimachitika, mafunde a progesterone adzatsika, corpus luteum idzawonongeka, ndipo kumwezi kudzayamba.
Udindo wamatumbo wa mazira
Mazirawa amadziwa zotsatira ndi kusintha kwa endocrine kapena mahomoni. Amayankha ndi kutulutsa mahomoni awo omwe amafunikira thupi. Ndipotu, gawo lalikulu lachiwiri la ovary ndilokutseka mahomoni ogonana - estrogen, progesterone, ndi zina zotere za androgens, zomwe zimachititsa kuti machitidwe a chiwerewere azimayi azikhala ndi kukhazikika.
Kuonjezerapo, mazirawa amathandizanso ku FSH ndi LH zomwe zimatuluka ndi ubongo waung'ono mu ubongo wotchedwa pituitary gland. FSH, kapena follicle yotulutsa hormone, imayambitsa mlingo wa estrogen kuti uzuke ndi gulu la ma follicles a dzira kukula mwezi uliwonse. Monga mtundu umodzi umakhala wolimba ndikufika pakukula, msinkhu waukulu wa estrogen umayambitsa LH (luteinizing hormone), kuyambitsa kuyamwa.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Mazira ndi mahomoni omwe amapanga (makamaka estrogen ndi progesterone) amathandiza kugwira ntchito yokalamba.
Chitsime:
The North American Menopause Society. (2014). Mmene Mungayambira Kusamba: Buku la Clinician, 5th. Mayfield Heights, OH: North American Menopause Society.