Tsogolo la opaleshoni ya mafupa, ndi chitukuko kwa odwala omwe amatha kudwala matenda a nyamakazi, ziphuphu, ndi minofu yambiri, ndi nkhani yosangalatsa. Kuchokera ku maselo amkati kuti akhale olowa m'malo, ochita opaleshoni ndi odwala mofanana ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zingakhale zopititsa patsogolo pangodya.
Chimodzi mwa malo omwe chidwi chaposachedwa chakhala chitukuko cha zipangizo ndi implants zomwe zimapangidwira ndikukhala odwala.
Chiyembekezo ndi chakuti polola kupanga mapangidwe ambiri, miyambo ya mafupa imakhala bwino bwino komanso yosamvetsetseka kwa anthu omwe amafunika kuchita opaleshoni.
Kupanga Mapulogalamu
Makampani othandizira zaumoyo akudalira kwambiri kupanga kupanga kuti apereke mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudutsa ntchito yonse ya zamankhwala. Opaleshoni ya opaleshoni imadalira kwambiri zinthu zopangidwa, ndipo zochitika m'zinthu zamagetsi zasintha ma orthopedics m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuchokera kuchipatala kosasamala za kuvulala kwa masewera omwe amachitidwa ndi carbon fiber miyambo yokhala ndi makina opunduka opaleshoni, opaleshoni ya mafupa amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala kuti athandize odwala awo.
Nthawi iliyonse pamene pali zopita patsogolo, opaleshoni ya mafupa amatha chidwi ndi momwe izi zingakhudzire ntchito yomwe iwo amachita. Chimodzi mwa kusintha kwa posachedwapa kwa kupanga ndi kupititsa patsogolo maluso osindikizira a 3-D.
Kusindikiza katatu kumasintha momwe makampani ambiri amapangira zinthu. Makampani othandizira zaumoyo ali osiyana, ndipo ntchito zambiri za teknoloji 3-D zikupangidwa kuti zithetse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zaumoyo. Mu opaleshoni ya mafupa, katswiri wa zachipatala omwe amadalira kwambiri zipangizo zowonongeka, luso la kusindikiza la 3-D lapindulitsa kwambiri.
Kusindikiza kwa 3-D
Kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kunanenedwa ndi kupanga-3-dimensional manufacturing ndikuti izi ndi zotchedwa "zowonjezera kupanga" ndondomeko. izi zikutanthawuza kuti mapulaneti amapangidwa ndi kuwonjezera zinthu zosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza kuti apangire zinthu zitatu. Izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ndondomeko ya "kubwezeretsa" kumene mbali yaikulu ya zinthu imapangidwira kukhala yofunidwa. Kupanga zakudya zowonjezera kwakhala kwa zaka zingapo komanso mafakitale ambiri koma ndizatsopano kwa makampani azachipatala.
Mwachizoloŵezi, ziwalo za mafupa zimapangidwa muzithunzi zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutatenga malo opangira nsapato, mofanana ndi kupita ku sitolo ya nsapato ndikuyesera pa nsapato zosiyana siyana, dokotala wanu wa opaleshoni amatha kukhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangidwira anthu ambiri. Ngakhale kuti izi zimakhala bwino nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zochepa muyeso, ndipo anthu ena ali ndi anatomy omwe sagwirizana ndi kukula kwake.
Kuchita opaleshoni zamatenda, kusindikiza kwa 3-dimensional kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zosiyana zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mapiritsi ophatikizira olowa nawo akhala akupangidwa mwambo. Zina za implantszi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito monga opaleshoni yophika komanso opaleshoni ya mawondo.
Kuonjezera apo, implants ya m'mimba imapangidwanso kupyolera mu 3-dimensional additive manufacturing. Ntchito ina yakhala yopangidwa ndi zipangizo zamaganizo. Muzochitika izi, implants kwenikweni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kukula kwake, koma zipangizo zomwe dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kuti zikhazikitsidwe ndizokonzedwa mwambo. Potsirizira pake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwowonjezera kwagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovuta zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zovuta zambiri, opaleshoni yamagazi, ndi zochitika ngati palibe zofunikira zomwe zimapezeka kuti opaleshoni yokonzanso yovuta.
Zopangidwe Zachikhalidwe
Odwala ambiri amasangalala ndi implants.
Amafuna kuonetsetsa kuti ma implants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomwe amalowetsa mmalo mwake amawongolera bwino thupi lawo. Pakalipano, sizodabwitsa kuti dokotala wochita opaleshoni amatha kukhazikitsa malo ophatikizidwa. Kawirikawiri, pamene anthu akulankhula za implants, iwo ali ndi kuikidwa koyikidwa, ndipo kudula mwambo kumapangidwira maatomy awo enieni. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa, pomwe implants kwenikweni zimapangidwira mwapadera munthu wodwala, sizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa opaleshoni panthawiyi.
Zopindulitsa zowonjezera mwambo wokhazikika, kumene mavitamini omwe amapangidwa amadziwika kuti ali ndi wodwala, ndipamene amatha kufotokozera zolembedwera. Pali zochitika pamene kukula kwa kukula kwake kungakhale kotalika kwambiri, kochepa kwambiri, kochepa kwambiri, kapena kochepa kwambiri. Kwa anthu ambiri, dokotala wanu amatha kupereka malire osiyana siyana, koma pali zinthu zina zomwe anthu ali ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika omwe angakhale ovuta kuwongolera zozizwitsa zowonongeka. Kukonzekera mwakhama kungapangitse dokotala wanu kukhala ndi luso labwino la kulamulira pa izi.
Kutsatila kwa Bone
Mbali ina ya zowonjezera zomwe zimakondweretsa dokotala wanu ndizochita kupanga mapulaneti omwe amatsatira bwino mafupa ozungulira. Pali njira zosiyana zowonjezeretsa ku fupa . Kugwiritsira ntchito zikuluzikulu ndi mawaya nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chithandizo, kumene kumangoyamba kumangopitirira mpaka kupweteka kuchira. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa simenti wamphongo ndi wamba, koma kugwiritsira ntchito kwake kwatsikira. Ngakhale iyi ndi njira yowonjezera yokhazikika, palinso nkhaŵa za implants zomwe zimatuluka pakapita nthawi. Imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zowonjezeretsa ku fupa, ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito implants ndi chofunda chovala pang'onopang'ono mafupa amatha kukula msinkhu.
Mitundu yowonjezera yowonjezera imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga opaleshoni yowonjezera, koma sizomwe zimapangidwira mosavuta ndi chovala chokhala ndi porous. 3-dimensional kusindikiza kwapangitsa kuti pulojekiti ikugwiritsire ntchito mapulaneti osiyanasiyana pamtundu uliwonse.
Mawu Ochokera
Tsogolo la mafupa mosakayikira lidzawoneka mosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe zinthu zikuchitikira lero. Chimodzi mwa malo osangalatsa kwambiri ndi kupititsa patsogolo matekinoloje atsopano kupanga mapangidwe a mafupa. Kusindikiza kwa 3-dimensional ndi teknoloji yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapangidwe a mafupa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panopa opaleshoni zovuta zowonongeka. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kugwiritsa ntchito katatu kusindikizidwa kungakhale kofala kwambiri ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochita opaleshoni.
> Zotsatira:
> Golish SR, Kurtz SM, Boyan BD. "Kodi Kusindikiza kwa 3D Kungasinthidwe Zipangizo Zamatenda?" AAOSNow. January 2018, Page 1.
> Haglin JM, Eltorai AE, Gil JA, Marcaccio SE, Botero-Hincapie J, Daniels AH. "Mitundu Yachibadwa Yopirira Odwala" Orthop Surg. 2016 Nov; 8 (4): 417-424.