Chitetezo chokwanira ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamalonda. Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimatiteteza ku matenda. Ngati tipewa matenda, zikutanthauza kuti sitidzadwala ngati titagonjetsedwa ndi majeremusi omwe amachititsa. Pamene muli ndi chitetezo ku chinachake, zikutanthauza kuti thupi lanu limatha kulimbana ndi matendawa kapena matenda popanda kukudwalitsani. Anthu omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a chitetezo cha m'thupi amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu ndi izi ndipo ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda aakulu.
Chimene Chimachitika M'kati mwa Thupi Lanu
Mukadwala, thupi lanu likulimbana ndi matenda ndipo mumakhala ndi zizindikiro malingana ndi zomwe matendawa ali. Muli ndi mitundu yambiri ya maselo mkati mwa thupi lanu omwe amachita zinthu zosiyana kuti musamakhale wathanzi. Leukocyte ndi mtundu umodzi wa selo yomwe imapangitsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi. Mwinamwake mwawamva iwo akutchedwa maselo oyera a magazi (WBC). Amayenda kudzera mu thupi kufunafuna majeremusi ochititsa matenda ndikuwawononga. Pali maselo ena omwe amathandiza chitetezo cha m'thupi. Kuphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa mapuloteni omwe amathandiza kupha mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi maselo ena opatsirana. Minofu yanu, thymus, spleen ndi mafupa onse amathandizira kuti muteteze ku matenda.
Pamene antigen (kachilombo kamene kangakuchititseni kudwala) kulowa m'thupi, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimayambitsa ndipo chimapanga antibodies. Ma antibodies ndi mapuloteni apadera omwe amagwira antigen ndikukumbukira.
Maselo ena mu chitetezo cha m'thupi amabwera kudzawononga antigen. Mankhwalawa amakhalabe m'thupi mwako kuti adziwe kachilomboka ngati mutakhala nawo kachiwiri.
Momwe Timakhalira Mthupi Lathu
Kukhala wopanda matenda kumatanthauza kuti thupi lanu limatha kupha majeremusi popanda kuwona zizindikiro zilizonse. Timakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Kuwonetsa zachilengedwe - monga kudwala ndi matenda - ndi njira imodzi. Mukapeza matenda, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimayambitsa ma antibodies ku matenda amenewo ndipo chimakutetezani kuti musachipeze. Izi sizikuchitika ndi matenda onse, koma zimachitika ndi ambiri a iwo.
Timapezanso chitetezo chokwanira kuchokera ku katemera. Kukhala katemera ku matenda kumalola matupi athu kukhala ndi ma antibodies ku matendawo popanda kudwala. Mukapeza katemera, thupi lanu "limayang'ana" matendawa ndipo limaphunzira momwe mungamenyerere koma simukupeza zizindikiro zomwe mungachite ngati mutadwala.
Ana amakhalanso ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwa iwo kuchokera kwa amayi awo atabadwa. Kawirikawiri, ma antibodieswa amatha pambuyo pa miyezi 6, koma pali chitetezo m'miyezi yochepa ya moyo. Kuyamwitsa kumawonjezera chitetezochi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake ana amatha kutetezedwa ku matenda akuluakulu monga chimfine ndi pertussis ngati amayi awo atemera katemera. Chitetezo kwa katemerachi chimaperekedwera kwa mwanayo.
Zotsatira:
"Chitetezo cha Immune". KidsHealth Kwa Makolo. May 2015. The Nemours Foundation. 28 Feb 16.
"Kuteteza kwa Mthupi". MedlinePlus. 11 May 14. Laibulale ya National Medicine ya US. Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ndi zithandizo zaumunthu. National Institutes of Health. 28 Feb 16.