Uveitis, Scleritis, ndi Dry Eye Syndrome
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti nyamakazi ndi matenda okhaokha. Malingana ndi mtundu wa nyamakazi , pangakhale zotsatira zokhudzana ndi matendawa, zovuta, ndi zovuta zina .
Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi kutupa thupi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nyamakazi , matenda a systemic lupus , sjogren's syndrome , spondyloarthropathies , vasculitis , matenda a Behcet, ndi dermatomyositis , angathe kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mavuto a maso.
Diso la Anatomy
Diso ndi dongosolo lovuta. Gawo lapambali la diso likuphatikizapo cornea ndi lens. Zonsezi ndizitsulo (popanda mitsempha ya magazi) kawirikawiri. Pali chipinda chamkati chodzaza ndi madzi amchere (madzi amchere). Mphuno yamtunduwu imaphatikizapo iris ndi body ciliary. Gawo lomaliza la mankhwalawa limatchedwa choroid, minofu yambiri yomwe imakhala kumbuyo kwa retina. Gawo lirilonse la uvea likhoza kutenthedwa, komanso minofu yozungulira.
Chovala choyera chakunja cha diso chimatchedwa sclera. The sclera ndi cornea amakumana kuti apange nthambi patsogolo pa diso. Retina ndikati mkati mwa diso-gawo lomwe likuwonjezera ubongo ndipo amatha kuyankha ku zizindikiro zooneka.
Samalani ndi Zizindikiro
Ngati mukuwona zolakwika, muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu, makamaka a rheumatologist wanu. Mwinamwake mudzaperekedwanso kutumiza kukaonana ndi ophthalmologist.
Zizindikiro zomwe mungapeze zimadalira mbali ya diso lomwe lawotcha kapena mwinamwake likukhudzidwa. Nthawi zina kuchedwa kwa mankhwala kungabweretse khungu, choncho tenga mozama ndikuyesedwa.
Dry Eye Syndrome
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca amadziwika kuti matenda owuma.
Ndilo vuto lalikulu la maso lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi nyamakazi ya nyamakazi, yomwe ili ndi pakati pa 15-25 peresenti. Monga momwe mungayembekezere, cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo cha matenda owuma ndikutulutsa misonzi ndikusunga filimu yowonongeka.
Uveitis
Monga dzina lake limatanthawuzira, uveitis ndi kutupa kwa thupi lomwe limapangitsa kutupa ndi kukwiya. Anterior uveitis, mtundu wochuluka wa uveitis, umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutupa kwa mbali yakutsogolo ya diso. Popeza kuti iris ndi gawo lokhalo lomwe limakhudzidwa, nthawi zina limatchedwa iritis.
Posterior uveitis imakhudza kumbuyo kwa gawoli, makamaka kumakhudzana ndi chithokomiro. Pamene chokopa chokha chimakhudzidwa, chimatchedwa choroiditis. Pamene retina imathandizanso, imatchedwa chorioretinitis. Koma mtundu wina wa uveitis ndi pars planitis umene umayamba chifukwa cha kutupa kwa dera lochepa (pars plana) limene limakhala pakati pa iris ndi choroid.
Zizindikiro za uveitis zingaphatikizepo kuwona masomphenya, kupweteka kwa maso, mdima wakuya, kumvetsetsa kuwala, ndi kuunika kwa diso. Anterior uveitis amatha masiku angapo mpaka masabata, akuchiritsidwa. Posterior uveitis amatha miyezi ndi zaka ndipo amatha kuwonongeka kwamuyaya, ngakhale akudwala. Mankhwala a oral corticosteroids kapena madontho a maso a steroid amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza uveitis.
Ziŵerengero zina: Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya uveitis yomwe imapezeka mwa ana imakhudzana ndi nyamakazi ya mwana wamagazi . Pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya anthu amene amapanga anterior uveitis amakhala abwino kwa HLA-B27 . Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi HLA-B27 yogwirizana ndi anterior uveitis amakhalanso ndi spondyloarthropathies.
Scleritis
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kutupa kwa sclera. Pali zigawo zisanu za scleritis: zimafalitsa anterior, nodular, necrotizing, scleromalacia perforans, ndi posterior. Diso lopweteka, lofiira ndilo lachilendo cha anterior, nodular, kapena necrotizing scleritis. Ndi scleromalacia perforans, kupweteka kungasinthe ndipo chidziwitso chofanana (ngati chigoba cha nthenda ya chifuwa) chimakula pa sclera.
Ululu umasinthasintha ndi posterior scleritis. Masomphenya opunduka, kutayika kwa diso, kuzindikira kuwala, ndi zofiira zofiira pa mbali yoyera ya diso zingathenso kupezeka.
Anthu omwe ali ndi scleritis akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto ena a maso, monga uveitis, glaucoma, optic nerve edema, ndi kupotoza kwa retinal kapena choroidal. Kuwopsa kwa scleritis kungayambitse kupyolera kwa cornea zomwe zingabweretse khungu.
Zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi scleritis zimaphatikizapo granulomatosis ndi polyangiitis (mwina kumayambiriro koyambirira) ndi nyamakazi ya nyamakazi (kawirikawiri yokhala ndi nthawi yaitali, yotetezeka RA). Matenda a nyamakazi amawerengera 18 mpaka 33 peresenti ya matenda a scleritis.
Kuchiza kwa scleritis kungayambe ndi mankhwala osakanikirana ndi mankhwala osakanikirana ndi kupititsa patsogolo mankhwala a prednisone, madontho a maso a steroid, kapena majekeseni a m'dera lanu. Ma scleritis nthawi zambiri amatha, amakhala kwa zaka zambiri.
Zotsatira:
Maonekedwe Ocular a Matenda Odzipiritsa. American Family Physician. Patel SJ et al. September 15, 2002.
http://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0915/p991.html
> Scleritis. MedlinePlus. 9/3/2012.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001003.htm
> Diso ndi Rheumatic Diseases. Mutu 44. James T. Rosenbaum. Kelly's Textbook of Rheumatology. Kusindikiza kwachisanu ndi chinayi. Elsevier Saunders.
> Uveitis. MedlinePlus. 9/3/2012.
> http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/001005.htm