Malo otchedwa nyukiliya ya Indian Point ali ku Buchanan, New York, kumpoto kwa Westchester County, pafupifupi makilomita 23 kumpoto kwa New York City. Chimeracho chitatsegulidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1970, chiwerengero cha khansa ya chithokomiro m'mizinda inayi yoyandikana ndi Westchester, Rockland, Orange, ndi Putnam, chinali 22 peresenti pansi pa chiwerengero cha US. Tsopano, vuto la khansa ya chithokomiro latuluka kuchokera pafupifupi 50 peresenti kwa zaka zoposa 400 pachaka m'derali, ndi mlingo womwe ndi 53 peresenti kuposa onsewo.
M'zaka zaposachedwa zomwe adaphunzira-2003 mpaka 2007-Putnam, Rockland, Orange, ndi Westchester County mitengoyi inali 105.5 peresenti, 74.5 peresenti, 63.5 peresenti, ndi 33.4 peresenti pamtunda wa US. Putnam, Rockland, ndi Orange anali ndi khansa yapamwamba kwambiri ya chithokomiro m'madera onse a US okhala ndi anthu oposa 100,000.
Chiwerengero cha khansa ya chithokomiro chawonjezeka katatu zaka makumi atatu zapitazi. Zina mwa kuwonjezeka kumeneku ndi chifukwa chodziwika bwino kwa khansa yaing'ono ya chithokomiro, koma akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kuwonjezeka kwina kumakhalanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chiŵerengero.
Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi anzawo omwe adalembedwa ndi Radiation ndi Public Health Project, ndipo adafalitsidwa mu Journal of Environmental Protection , omwe adagwiritsa ntchito deta kuchokera ku New York State Cancer Registry kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa khansa ku Putnam, Rockland, Orange, ndi Westchester m'zaka makumi anayi . Zofukufukuzo zikusonyeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwa khansara ndi kukula kwa khansa ya chithokomiro kungakhale chifukwa cha mpweya wochokera ku Indian Point nuclear power plant.
Ofufuzawa anayerekezera khansa ya zaka zisanu kuchokera pakati pa 1988 ndi 2007. Iwo adapeza kuwonjezeka kosadziwika mu mitundu ikuluikulu ya khansara yokwana makumi asanu ndi iwiri (20), yomwe ikuwonjezeka kwambiri pa khansara ya chithokomiro. Malingana ndi ochita kafukufuku, zomwe apezazo ndizo "zogwirizana ndi zowerengeka" ndipo zimasonyeza kuti chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo-zomwe zimawoneka kuti zimachokera ku Indian Point-zikuwongolera kuwonjezereka kwa khansa m'deralo.
Kafukufuku wina anapeza kuchuluka kwa khansa ya chithokomiro kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2005 pamtunda wa makilomita 90, womwe uli kum'mawa kwa Pennsylvania, pakati pa New Jersey, ndi kumwera kwa New York. Kumalo amenewa kuli malo okwana 13 a nyukiliya, kuphatikizapo Indian Point, ndipo padali malo atatu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano, kuphatikizapo Three Mile Island.
Kuopsa kwa mafilimu ndi kowopsa kokha kanseri ya chithokomiro; Kuyeza kwa mlingo wa ma radiation ndi msinkhu pakuwonekera n'kofunikira. Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa dzuwa, kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti pali zaka zosachepera zisanu mpaka 10 isanafike khansara ya chithokomiro. Malingana ndi National Cancer Institute, kuyesa kwa zida zapamwamba pamwamba pa zaka za m'ma 1950 ku Nevada kunayambitsa khansa yoposa 200,000 ku America. Ngozi za nyukiliya ku Chernobyl ndi Fukushima reactors zinatsatiridwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa khansa ya chithokomiro pakati pa anthu akuchepa chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa radio. Mankhwala opatsirana kumutu kumutu ndi khosi zimagwirizananso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya chithokomiro.
Chifukwa cha kumvetsetsa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa ma radiation ndi khansara ya chithokomiro, phunziroli limafuna kufufuza zambiri mu kansa ya chithokomiro komanso mgwirizano ndi zida za nyukiliya, poyesera kufotokozera mitengo.
Kaya Indian Point ndi chiopsezo cha thanzi chimakhudza kwambiri anthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni omwe amakhala kumtunda wamakilomita 20 kuchokera ku Indian Point, ndipo anthu oposa 17 miliyoni amakhala pamtunda wa makilomita 50, kuposa china chirichonse cha nyukiliya ya US .
Nkhani yododometsa imagawidwa ndi Joanne DeVito, yemwe amakhala kutali ndi Indian Point kwa zaka zambiri. DeVito amakhulupirira kuti Indian Point yakhudza thanzi la banja lake. Mwana wake wamkulu wam'chibwana posachedwapa anapeza kuti ali ndi khansa ya chithokomiro, ndipo mkati mwa mwezi umodzi, ana ake ena awiri achikulire nawonso anapezeka. DeVito anauza a Highlands Nyuzipepalayi tsopano kuti iye adamutcha dokotala wake.
Ine ndinati, "Iwe sungakhulupirire izi." Iye anati, "Iwe ubwera bwino." Ine ndikukhala moyo wathanzi kwambiri. Ndine mphunzitsi wa yoga komanso munda wamaluwa. Koma zedi, ndinali nazo. "
Mawu Ochokera
Malingana ndi American Cancer Society, ngati muli pa chiopsezo cha kansa ya chithokomiro, pakhoza kukhala njira zina zodzizitetezera nokha ndi banja lanu.
Sungani mapiritsi a iodide ya potassiamu padzanja, ndipo ngati pali ngozi ya nyukiliya, akuluakulu akukuphunzitsani nthawi yoti muwatenge. Iodide ya potaziyamu ikhoza kuteteza chithokomiro kuti chisamayende bwino ndipo ndizofunika kwa ana.
Onetsetsani kuti mukupeza ayodini okwanira kuchokera ku chakudya ndi zakudya zowonjezereka. Kulephera kwa ayodini kumawoneka kuti kuonjezera chiopsezo cha khansara ya chithokomiro ngati mutakhala ndi chithandizo chamagetsi.
> Zotsatira:
> Altekruse, S., Das, A., Cho, H., Petkov, V. ndi Yu, M. (2015) Kodi Kuwonjezereka kwa Khansa ya Chithokomiro Kuwonjezeka ndi Khalidwe lachikhalidwe cha anthu omwe ali ndi inshuwalansi ya thanzi? Kusanthula Phunziro Pogwiritsa Ntchito ZONSE Zowonongeka ndi Anthu. BMJ Open, 5, Article ID: e009846. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2013.0257
> Iglesias M, ndi al. "Kuwonetsa mazira ndi khansa ya chithokomiro: ndemanga." Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Mar-Apr; 61 (2): 180-187. lembani: 10.1590 / 2359-3997000000257. Epub 2017 Feb 16
> Mangano, J., ndi Sherman, J. (2017) Kuchulukitsa Kachiritso ka Khwerero ya Chithokomiro Kufupi ndi malo a New York City-Area Nuclear Power Plant. Journal of Environmental Protection, 8, 1446-1459. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2017.812089