Kusiyanitsa pakati pakati pa ma ARV
Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ndi masiku pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti athetse ululu. Ululu ndiwowopsa kwambiri mu maola 72 pambuyo pa opaleshoni, yomwe, mosadabwitsa, ndi pamene odwala amatha kulandira kupweteka kwakukulu.
Mankhwala ambiri kuti athetse ululu amaperekedwa monga mapiritsi kapena intravenously (kudzera mwa IV). Mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala a anti-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) mu banja lomwelo la mankhwala monga ibuprofen, kapena akhoza kukhala mankhwala ozunguza opioid, monga morphine.
Mawu akuti opioid amatanthauza chiyambi cha mankhwala mu chomera cha poppy, chomwe chochotsera opium. Mutha kumvanso mankhwala opweteka omwe amachitcha kuti analgesics, awa ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popuma kupweteka.
Chifukwa Chake Mankhwala Opweteka Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito
Mu maola oyambirira pambuyo pa opaleshoni, wodwalayo angakhalebe ndi kachilombo ka anesthesia, ndipo sizitetezeka kumwa mankhwala achipatala mpaka atadzuka mokwanira kuti amalize popanda kugwedeza. Ngati wodwalayo ali maso ndipo atha kupirira kumwa zakumwa zamadzimadzi, mankhwala awo amaperekedwa ku mapiritsi, kupatula ngati kupweteka sikungayambitsidwe bwino ndi mankhwala. Ngati wodwala sangathe kumwa mankhwala opweteka monga mapiritsi, kapena amafunika mankhwala omwe angagwire ntchito mwamsanga, mankhwala opweteka a IV angaperekedwe.
Mankhwala ambiri amapweteka monga mapiritsi kapena jekeseni mu IV. Zina zilipo mu madzi, chigamba kapena mankhwala omwe amaikidwa pansi pa lirime kuti alowe.
Chithandizo chachikulu cha mankhwala opweteka achinayi pa mitundu ina ya mankhwala ndikuti amayamba kugwira ntchito mofulumira kwambiri, kawirikawiri mkati mwa maminiti chifukwa akuyenda mwachindunji m'magazi. Atatulutsidwa kuchipatala, sizothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opweteka achinayi, monga momwe anthu ambiri samabwerera kunyumba ali ndi malo omwe alipo, ndipo mapiritsi kapena mtundu wina wa mankhwala omwe si a IV amauzidwa.
Mankhwala Omwe Amadziwika Ambiri
- Toradol (ketorolac): Mankhwalawa ali m'banja la NSAID, ndipo amatha kupweteka pang'ono, komanso amatsutsana ndi zotupa.
- Ofirmev (acetaminophen): Mankhwalawa, a NSAID, ndiwo makamaka IV Tylenol. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira kutentha thupi komanso amatha kupweteka kwambiri.
- Caldolor (ibuprofen): Mankhwalawa, komanso a NSAID, ndi omwe akutsogolera IV. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kupweteka pang'ono, kupweteka komanso ali ndi mphamvu zochepetsera malungo.
- Morphine: Kupweteka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumathandiza kuchepetsa kupweteka kwambiri. Morphine imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kwa ululu wowawa komanso ululu wa nthawi yaitali.
- Dilaudid (hydromorphone): Kupwetekedwa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, Dilaudid ndi yamphamvu kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozunza ululu pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
- Fentanyl: Mankhwalawa ndi opangidwa ndi opioid, kutanthauza kuti munthu anapangidwa ndipo sanapangidwe kuchokera ku chomera cha poppy ngati mankhwala ena osokoneza bongo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa ululu waukulu pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
- Demerol: Mankhwalawa, opioid analgesic, sagwiritsidwanso ntchito mobwerezabwereza monga kale. Demerol sungathe kuchepetsa ululu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kupweteka komanso kupweteka kuposa mankhwala ena opweteka. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu (kunja kwa momwe amagwiritsire ntchito) kuthandiza kuchepa kunjenjemera kwa odwala omwe ali utakhazikika, chifukwa cha malungo kapena kufunika kwa hypothermia monga chithandizo, koma sichigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kuti athetse ululu wopaleshoni.
Mavuto a Mankhwala Opweteka Ambiri
- Zotsatira Zowonongeka: Zotsatirazi zimachokera ku wofatsa (kugona tulo) kwambiri (osati kupuma). Chifukwa cha chiopsezo chotengeka, mankhwalawa sayenera kutengedwa pamene akugwira galimoto. Tengani mankhwala opweteka monga momwe mwalangizira kupewa kupeĊµa mopitirira mwadzidzidzi.
- Kutsekedwa : Manyowa onse, kaya aperekedwa ngati mapiritsi kapena jekeseni, amadziwika kuti amamatira. Odwala ambiri amatenga zofewa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti athetse kudzimbidwa pakamwa mankhwala opweteka a narcotic.
- Kuledzeretsa: Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo osayenera ndi / kapena kungowonjezera kungapangitse kuledzera thupi ndi maganizo. Kupweteka kwachisokonezo chakumwa mowa mwauchidakwa sikuyenera kutengedwanso kusiyana ndi zofunikira ndithu.
- Mphuno / Kutupa: Anthu ena samalola mankhwalawa. Kwa ena, chithandizo chamankhwala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga Zofran kapena Phenergan chingachepetse kapena kuchepetsa zizindikiro.
- Kuwongolera: Kupepesa kwapadera kwapadera kumadziwika bwino chifukwa kumayambitsa kuyabwa. Kwa ena, kusintha kwa mankhwala ena opweteka kumapereka mpumulo, ena amafunika mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuchepetsa kuyabwa monga Benadryl kapena mankhwala a Vistaril.