Bowa ndi bowa ting'ono kapena zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi matupi osiyana siyana ndipo zimakula pamwamba kapena pansi. Bowa amadya kwambiri kukhala gawo la zakudya zabwino, ndipo mwinamwake mwakhala mukuwona mitundu yochepa ya izi mu golosale kapena pa menyu m'malesitilanti omwe mumakonda kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, bowa ena akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala achigiriki ndi achi China kuti athetse matenda ena monga kutupa, kutopa kapena matenda.
Chifukwa cha ubwino wawo wa thanzi, bowa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "chakudya chogwira ntchito". Palinso kafukufuku ochepa omwe ayang'ana kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu ina ya bowa wodyedwa pochiza matenda a mtima - kuphatikizapo mkulu wa cholesterol ndi triglycerides - ndipo zotsatirapo zikuwoneka zikudalira.
Kodi Bowa Zimakwera Bwanji?
Mwamwayi, maphunziro ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza ntchito ya bowa pochepetsa cholesterol kapena triglycerides zakhala zikuchitidwa pa zinyama, monga makoswe, akalulu ndi mbewa. Zambiri mwa maphunzirowa zinangoyang'ana shiitake ( Lentinus edodes ), Portobello ( Agaricus bisporus ) kapena bowa wa oyster ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) - bowa wina wotchuka kwambiri omwe amapezeka m'masitolo ogulitsa ndi m'malesitilanti. Zinyama izi zinadyetsedwa peresenti ya bowa zouma pa chakudya chawo kwa miyezi iwiri kapena iwiri. Mu zina za maphunzirowa, zinawoneka kuti:
- Mitundu yonse ya mafuta m'thupi imachepetsedwa pakati pa 10 peresenti ndi 65 peresenti.
- Miyeso ya Triglyceride inachepetsedwa ndi 70 peresenti.
- Mafuta a cholesterol a LDL adatsika pakati pa 5 ndi 54 peresenti.
- Maselo a HDL a cholesterol sanawoneke ngati akukhudzidwa mu maphunziro ambiri.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti maphunziro angapo okha amawoneka pa HDL, LDL, ndi mazinga a triglyceride, pamene kafukufuku ambiri adawona momwe bowa amapezera mthupi lonse.
Zotsatira zoganizira mtundu uliwonse wa bowa zikuwoneka kuti zimadalira dzira, kutanthauza kuti bowa wochulukirapo amadya ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala kuchepetsa kwambiri lipids. Komanso, kuchepa kwa lipids kunanenedwa ndi nyama zomwe zimadya kudya kwambiri komwe kunakhala mafuta kapena kolesterol.
Pali anthu ochepa chabe omwe amafufuza zotsatira za bowa pa cholesterol ndi triglyceride. Maphunzirowa ndi ochepa ndipo amatsutsana:
- Phunziro limodzi, anthu asanu ankamwa ma gamu 10 mpaka 15 a bowa wouma oyamwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zinapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha mafuta cha mthupi chonse chichepeke mpaka 30 peresenti.
- Mu phunziro lina laling'ono, anthu 20 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma antiretroviral amagwiritsa ntchito magalamu 15 a bowa wouma oyamwa tsiku lililonse kwa miyezi iwiri. Pamapeto pa phunzirolo, panalibe zotsatira zofunikira pa ma cholesterol. Komabe, magulu a triglyceride adachepera pafupifupi pafupifupi 19 peresenti.
Zakudya Zathanzi Mu Bowa
Zikuwoneka kuti pali zinthu zochepa zomwe zimapezeka mu bowa zomwe zingawathandize kuchepetsa vutoli:
- Beta-glucan , mawonekedwe a zitsulo zosungunuka , amapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana mu bowa. Zimaganiziridwa kuti beta-glucan ikhoza kusokoneza kuyamwa kwa kolesterolini m'magazi.
- Eritadenine, amalingalira kuti amachepetsanso mapiritsi mwa kusintha njira zina za lipid zimapangidwira pachiwindi.
- Mevinolin, chinthu china chopezeka mu bowa wina, chimagwira ntchito poletsa HMG CoA reductase, pulojekiti yaikulu yomwe imapanga cholesterol mu thupi.
Mankhwalawa amatsitsa mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa ndipo akufufuzidwa panopa monga mankhwala omwe angateteze matenda a mtima.
Kodi Ndiyenera Kuwonjezera Bowa Chakudya Changa?
Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wina amasonyeza kuti bowa ikhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zabwino zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa makilogalamu a kolesterol ndi triglyceride, pakufunika maphunziro ambiri kuti apitirize kufufuza izi.
Ngakhale kuti pali zochepa zophunzira, bowa ali ndi mitsempha yambiri ndi mapuloteni komanso otsika kwambiri m'zakudya komanso mafuta odzaza - kuwasandutsa chakudya chabwino kuti mukhale ndi chakudya chamoyo.
Ngati mukufufuza malingaliro okhudza momwe mungapangire bowa mu zakudya zotsika kwa mafuta m'thupi, pali njira zambiri zowonjezeretsa ku appetizers .
Ngakhale ali ndi ubwino wathanzi, bowa ena akhoza kukhala ndi poizoni zomwe zingakhale zovulaza. Kuti mukhale otetezeka, musamadye bowa zomwe zimapezeka kuthengo pokhapokha mutakhala otsimikiza kuti ndi bowa. Bowa wosiyanasiyana amapezeka m'sitolo lanu kapena m'malesitilanti.
Zotsatira:
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Guillamon E, Garcia-Lafuente A, Lozano M, ndi al. Bowa zodyedwa: zomwe zimathandiza kupewa matenda a mtima. Fitoterapia 2010; 715-723.
Mphindi O, Mlcek J, Jurikova T. Beta-glucans mu bowa lapamwamba ndi ntchito zawo zaumoyo. Nthenda Rev 2009; 67: 624-631.
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Yoon KN, Alam N, Lee JS, et al. Matenda oopsa a zakudya za Lentinus edodes pa plasma, nyansi, ndi makoswe opatsirana mu makoswe a hypercholesterolemic. Mycology 2011; 39: 96-102.