Ubongo uli ndi ma hemispheres 2 (mbali,) omwe ali awiri omwe amawonekera mofanana. Ntchito za malo abwino komanso kumbali ya kumanzere zimakumbatirana, ndi mbali yeniyeni ya ubongo yolamulira hafu ya kumanzere ya kayendetsedwe ka thupi, kumva, masomphenya ndi kumva, pamene mbali ya kumanzere imayang'anira theka la ntchitoyi.
Makamu Opambana Ndiponso Osapambana
Kumeneku kuli kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ntchito za maulendo omwe ali kumanzere ndi olondola a ubongo omwe sagwirizana.
Chilengedwe chimodzi chimatchulidwa kuti chilengedwe chachikulu, ndipo chimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi chilankhulidwe komanso chidziwitso chodziwika bwino. Malo ozungulira dziko lapansi ndi malo omwe ubongo umayankhula ndi luso la masamu.
Dziko losalamulirika limayambitsa zowonjezera, kuphatikizapo luso ndi malingaliro. Dziko losalamulirika lilinso ndi udindo wophatikizapo chidziwitso cha malo ndi kuwonetsa chidziwitso cha danga lachitatu.
Dziko lalikulu kwambiri la ubongo nthawi zambiri limakhala likulu loyang'anizana ndi dzanja lanu lalikulu. Kuti aperekedwe kumanja anthu, chigawo chachikulu cha dziko lapansi chimakhala kumanzere. Kwa anthu omwe ali kumanzere, dziko lapansili likhoza kukhala labwino, ndipo chifukwa chake zikwapu zimakhudza anthu omwe ali kumanzere mosiyana ndi momwe amachitira anthu odzipereka.
Kukwapula Kwambiri kwa VS. Makamu Osadziwika Kwambiri
Anthu omwe awonongeka ndi ubongo ku dziko lonse lapansi amakumana ndi mavuto kumbali ina ya thupi lawo, komanso vuto ndi chinenero, chomwe chimatchedwa alasia.
Aphasia ikhoza kuwonetsa kuthekera kupeza mawu abwino, kumvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena komanso luso lowerenga kapena kulemba.
Anthu omwe awonongeka ndi ubongo ku dziko lachilendo omwe sali olamulira nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto kumbali yina ya thupi lawo, komanso mavuto a chiweruzo cha malo ndi kumvetsetsa ndi kukumbukira zinthu.
The Lobes Of the Brain
Mbali iliyonse ya ubongo imagawidwa kukhala zigawo zogwira ntchito zotchedwa lobes. Pali maola anayi mu theka la ubongo. Ali:
- Lobe loyambirira: Kumapezeka kutsogolo kwa ubongo, kumbuyo kwa mphumi. Mng'alu wamtunduwu ndi waukulu kwambiri, umakhala pafupifupi pafupifupi 1/3 ya ubongo wake wonse, ndipo umayendetsa umunthu, khalidwe, machitidwe a maganizo ndi kukonzekera, kuthetsa mavuto ndikukonzekera.
- Pareetal lobe: Kumapezeka pafupi ndi kumutu kwa mutu, pamwamba pa makutu. Ndalama zamakono zimayendetsa luso lowerenga, kulemba ndi kumvetsa mfundo zapakati. Ntchito ya lobe yamanja yokhala kumanzere ndi yolondola sizimangolumikizana, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti zikhale zovuta komanso zogwirizana ndi zochitika, pomwe zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito parietal lobe zimayendetsa luso komanso malo opanga zinthu. Ndipotu, kugwidwa ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kungachititse mavuto ake, kuphatikizapo kusokonezeka komanso kusadzizindikira thupi lanu.
- Occipital lobe: Dera laling'ono lomwe liri kumbuyo kwa mutu. The loip occipital lobe ndiwongolanitsa masomphenya.
- Zolemba zapakati: Zili pambali ya mutu pamwamba pa makutu ndi pansi pa lobe. Kusamala kwa nthawi kumvetsera kumva, kukumbukira, kulankhula, ndi kumvetsetsa.
Mitundu ya Aphasia
Munthu akadwala stroke, chotupa cha ubongo kapena kuvulaza komwe kumakhudza mbali yambiri ya ubongo, kuthekera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero kumasokonezeka.
Zimalankhulo za ubongo zimaphatikizapo zigawo zingapo zomwe ziri pamaso, pamtundu ndi parietal lobes. Kukwapulidwa kapena kupweteka kwa zigawo zina zapaderazi, kuphatikizapo dera la Broca, dera la Wernicke ndi fasiculus, limapangitsa mitundu yeniyeni ya apasia yomwe ikugwirizana ndi chilankhulidwe china cha ubongo chimene chakhudzidwa ndi kupweteka kwa ubongo kapena ubongo.
Mitundu yambiri ya afesiya ikuphatikizapo:
- Expressive aphasia, yemwenso amadziwika kuti Broca's aphasia: Kulephera kulankhula momveka bwino.
- Landirani apassia, yotchedwanso Wernicke's aphasia: Kulephera kumvetsa tanthauzo la chinenero kapena chinenero. Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe ali ndi Wernicke aphasia angathe kulankhula momveka bwino, koma amalankhula ndi mawu omwe sagwirizana.
- Anomic kapena amnesia aphasia: Kulephera kupeza dzina lenileni la zinthu, anthu, kapena malo
- Global aphasia: Kulephera kulankhula kapena kumvetsetsa mawu, kuwerenga kapena kulemba
Utsogoleri wa Aphasia
Kubwezeretsa kuchokera ku Asia ndi kotheka. Njira yowonjezereka kwambiri ndi mankhwala opatsirana. Mitundu ina ya mankhwala ndi izi:
- Kuimba mankhwala
- Chithandizo chamakono
- Mankhwala owonetsa malingaliro owonetsera
- Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa
- Mankhwala
Pachipatala, kuthandiza kuchipatala kungaphatikizepo:
- Kusewera masewero olimbitsa mawu
- Kufunsa mafunso omwe amafuna kuti inde kapena ayi
- Kuphika njira yatsopano
- Kuchita kulemba
- Kuwerenga kapena kuimba mokweza
Kulankhulana ndi Odwala Opweteka Amene Ali ndi Aphasia
Ngakhale zingakhale zovuta kulankhulana, anthu okhala ndi aphasia amakhala ndi njira zingapo polumikizana ndi ena.
Zina mwazinthu izi ndizo:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kuti zokambirana zikhale zosavuta
- Kukhala ndi malo amtendere, osasokoneza
- Kujambula kapena kulemba
- Kuwonetsa anthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino
- Kulumikizana ndi anthu kudzera pa imelo kapena blog
- Kuwonetsa khadi lomwe limafotokoza chikhalidwe chanu kwa ena
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kwa anthu omwe alibe apassia, kulankhulana ndi opulumuka odwala matenda a stroke omwe ali ndi aphasia angakhale ophweka ndi ena mwa njira zotsatirazi:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kapena maulendo kuti akambirane
- Kujambula kapena kulemba
- Kulankhula mophweka ndi pang'onopang'ono
Mawu Ochokera
Dziko lopambana la ubongo limayendetsa chinenero, ndi njira imodzi yofunikira kwambiri yogwirizanirana ndi dziko lapansi. Kuvulaza kulikonse kudziko lapansi monga ubongo, kupweteka kwa mutu kapena vuto lalikulu-kungayambitse apassia.
Aphasia ndi yovuta kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi vutoli, komanso kwa okondedwa ndi osamalira. Ambiri opulumuka ku stroke omwe ali ndi afesi amachira, omwe angathe kupindulitsidwa kudzera kuchipatala atatha kupwetekedwa .
> Zotsatira:
> Zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chinenero cha ubongo m'maganizo a anthu m'mapukutu a mapepala otsogolera komanso opangira ntchito, Middlebrooks EH, Yagmurlu K, Szaflarski JP, Rahman M, Bozkurt B, Neuroradiology. 2017 Jan; 59 (1): 69-87