Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaitali kungapangitse kulemera
Mofanana ndi mankhwala onse, pali zotsatira zambiri zomwe zimayenderana ndi mankhwala a mphumu. Kawirikawiri, mankhwalawa amalekerera, ndipo ubwino wa chithandizo udzaposa kwambiri zotsatira zake.
Pakhoza kukhala nthawi, komabe, pamene zotsatira zowonjezera zingakhale zovuta kwambiri. Izi zikachitika, zikhoza kukhala zamtsinje, zomwe zimatsogolera munthu kusiya mankhwalawo.
Ngakhale kuti izi zingakhale zoyenera nthawi zina, nthawi zina sizikhoza.
Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe amamvetsa zotsatira za mankhwala asanayambe kutenga mankhwalawa sangalekeke ngati wina akuchitika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimathandiza kuti azindikire zizindikiro zowopsa ndikuwathandiza asanakumane ndi vuto.
Mitundu ya mankhwala opatsirana ndi mphumu ndizosiyana ndi zizindikiro komanso zimaphatikizapo mankhwala othandizira othandizira nthawi yayitali, mankhwala othandizira odwala mankhwalawa, ma steroids, mapuloteni a leukotriene, maselo otetezeka a maselo, ndi ma chitetezo cha mthupi.
Inalumikiza Corticosteroids
Mankhwala a corticosteroids (omwe amadziwika kuti otchedwa steroids) amauzidwa kuti athandizidwe kuteteza zizindikiro za mphumu. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, amathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa matenda a mphumu. Komabe, sangathe kuthetsa vutoli atangoyamba kumene.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa corticosteroids kungayambitse mavuto onse (zochepa kwa thupi) ndi zotsatira zowonongeka (kukhudza thupi lonse).
Zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito ya nthawi yayitali. Zina mwa zotsatira zake:
- Mankhwala a oral candidiasis (thrush), matenda omwe amapezeka m'kamwa
- Dysphonia (osasamala), kawirikawiri
- Pakamwa pamtima kapena pakhosi
- Chifuwa chofewa kapena mpweya wa trachea (windpipe)
- Kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kukula kwa ana
- Kuchepetsa kupuma kwa mafupa kwa akuluakulu
- Kulira kosavuta
- Kukwapula kwa diso (cataract)
- Kuwonjezeka kwa diso (glaucoma)
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa spacer nthawi zambiri kumathetsa zina mwa zotsatira zake. Mukhozanso kutsuka pakamwa panu ngati muli ndi zilonda koma musameze ngati izi zikupezerani mankhwala mumagazi anu ndipo zimayambitsa zizindikiro zowonjezereka.
A Beta Otsatira Kwachangu
Otsutsa ochepa omwe amagwira ntchito (SABAs) monga albuterol , amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala opulumutsa kuti athetse vuto la mphumu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, agonists otalika nthawi yayitali (LABA ) akupitiriza kugwira ntchito kwa maola 12 kapena kuposa. Zotsatira zake zimakhala chimodzimodzi chifukwa mankhwalawa amagawana njira zofanana. Zotsatirapo zimaphatikizapo:
- Kuwonjezeka kwa mtima
- Mutu
- Chizungulire
- Nkhawa
- Mantha kapena mantha
- Rash
Ngakhale zotsatira zake zimayambitsana mwamsanga ndi SABAs, iwo amatha kukhalabe ndi LABAs. Zotsatira zofanana zimapezeka pamene otsutsa a beta amagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso.
Ngakhale kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kungawonjezere chiopsezo chachikulu, chiwopsezochi chichuluka ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito LABA, ndikutsogolera FDA kutulutsa mdima wochenjeza za chiwopsezo cha matenda a mphumu zakupha pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Advair (fluticasone / salmeterol) .
Oral Steroids Zovuta Zotsatira
Ma steroid ovomerezeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muli ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.
Ngakhale kuti steroid imatulutsidwa mu chipatala, zimaperekedwa m'kamwa ngati zizindikiro zili zovuta koma sizikusowa kuchipatala. Zotsatira zoyipa zimakhala zofanana ndi za steroid yosakanizidwa, ngakhale zowonjezereka komanso zovuta. Zitha kuphatikizapo:
- Kulemera kwalemera
- Kusungirako zamagetsi
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Wosakaniza shuga wa magazi
- Kuchulukitsa kukula kwa ana
- Matenda a m'mimba mwa akuluakulu
- Kufooka kwa minofu
- Cataracts ndi glaucoma
- Matenda a shuga
Ngati mukufuna somoid oral ngati prednisone kawiri kapena kangapo patsiku, mphumu yanu sakuyendetsedwa bwino. Onani dokotala wanu ndikufufuze ngati kusintha kulikonse kuyenera kupangidwa kwa mankhwala omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala.
Kusintha kwa Leukotriene
Singulair (montelukast) ndi zina zotembenuza ma leukotriene zimagwira ntchito potseka chinthu, chotchedwa leukotriene, chomwe chingayambitse matenda a mphumu. Mavitamini a leukotriene amavomerezedwa bwino koma amakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri, kuphatikizapo:
- Mimba imakhumudwitsidwa
- Mutu
- Zizindikiro zofanana ndi ziphuphu
- Mantha
- Nsowa kapena kusanza
- Kusokonezeka kwapadera
- Rash
Mast Cell Stabilizers
Cromolyn sodium ndi nedocromil ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu yosalekeza . Mankhwala awa amagwira ntchito poteteza maselo a masi, mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi, kutulutsa zinthu zotupa m'mlengalenga.
Cromolyn sodium ndi nedocromil kawirikawiri amalekerera ndi zotsatira zambiri zomwe zimachepa ndi ntchito. Ambiri ndi awa:
- Chilakolako choipa mkamwa
- Kukuda
- Chilonda kapena pakhosi
- Mutu
- Kusokonezeka kwapadera
- Anaphylaxis, kawirikawiri
Anaphylaxis ndi thupi lonse, zomwe zimachititsa kuti ming'oma ikhale yambiri, kupuma, kupweteka, ngakhale imfa. Ngati mutatenga mpweya stabilizer ndipo mukukumana ndi kupuma, mpweya wochepa, kapena kutupa kwa nkhope kapena lirime, imbani 911 kapena pitani m'chipinda chanu chapafupi.
Immunomodulator (Xolair) Zotsatira
Xolair ndi immunomodulator yoperekedwa ngati jekeseni. Cholinga cha jekeseni ndicho kusintha njira yomwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayankhira ndi chifuwa cha mphumu . Zotsatira zoyipa zambiri zimaphatikizapo:
- Kutupa ndi kupweteka pa malo ojambulidwa
- Matenda opatsirana
- Matenda opatsirana opuma
- Sinusitis
- Mutu
- Chikhure
- Anaphylaxis, kawirikawiri
Mofanana ndi cromolyn sodium ndi nedocromil, zizindikiro za anaphylaxis zimafuna chisamaliro mwamsanga.
> Zotsatira:
> Agbetile, J. ndi Green, R. "Njira zatsopano zothandizira ndi njira zothandizira pakuthandizira matenda a mphumu: zochitika za m" modzi. " J Nthendayi. 2011; 4: 1-12.
> National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute. "Lipoti la Panja la Akatswiri 3 (EPR3): Malangizo Othandizira Kuzindikira ndi Kusamalira Khunyu." Bethesda, Maryland; 2007.