M'madera ena ndi m'madera otentha, zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana zamtunduwu zimapindula ndipo zimakhala zoopsa kwenikweni kwa anthu pafupi. Kumenyedwa kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya njoka, akangaude, nkhonya komanso nsonga ndi nkhono zina, zimapangitsa kuti thupi likusintha mofulumira m'thupi lomwe limayambitsa matenda a ubongo komanso ngakhale kupwetekedwa.
Nthendayi yomwe imachokera ku kuluma kwa nyama kapena kuluma kwa nyama kungakhale ndi mankhwala omwe angayambitse ziwalo za minofu zomwe zingasokoneze kupuma ndi mtima ndi zotsatira zowononga.
Mitundu ina ya utsi ingasokoneze ntchito yowononga magazi, imayambitsa magazi ochulukirapo, imathandizira kutulutsa mahomoni ndi kusintha mitsempha ya magazi. Zotsatira izi zingachitike mwadzidzidzi mwadzidzidzi ndipo zingakhale zovuta chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa utsi wotulutsidwa m'thupi la wogwidwa.
Kukwawa kwa Njoka
Pali malipoti ambiri a kukwawa kwa njoka chifukwa cha mavuto aakulu azachipatala-monga stroke. Njoka yamoto, yomwe imapezeka m'madera ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yadziwika ngati gwero la kupweteka kwa anthu. Mthempha yomwe imatulutsidwa m'magazi omwe akulumidwawo imakhala ndi poizoni angapo omwe amachititsa kugwirizana kovuta ndi thupi la munthu.
Zotsatira za poizoni zimaphatikizapo kutaya mwazi kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kutaya kwa magazi m'magulu angapo a munthu wovulalayo. Ndipo zokondweretsa, nthawi zina poizoni mu chiwindi amachititsa zotsatira zosiyana, zomwe zimachititsa kuti magazi azikhala mu ubongo kapena ziwalo zina za thupi.
Njoka zina zamphaizoni, monga rattlesnakes, utsi wotuluka m'thupi la munthu wovulazidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa magazi ndi magazi mu thupi lonse. Mapuloteni monga metalloproteinases, serine proteases, ndi mtundu wa C-mtundu wa lectin, womwe umapezeka mu utsi wa njoka, umakhala ndi zochitika zowonongeka komanso zowonjezereka.
Mankhwala othandiza amaphatikizapo zotsutsana ndi chiwopsezo komanso kuwonetsa mwamsanga zachipatala komanso chisamaliro, kuphatikizapo kupuma, mtima ndi impso. Zosokonezeka mu mankhwala ogwira ntchito zakhala zikudziwika ngati pali kuchedwa kwa chidziwitso cha reptile ndi ma anti-venom administration.
Akangaude
Nkhumba zouma zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ziwalo zomwalira chifukwa cha kuchitapo kanthu kwa matenda a mitsempha pamatenda ndi minofu. Mitsempha yodwala ziwalo zingathe kulunjika minofu iliyonse mu thupi, kuphatikizapo minofu yomwe imathandiza ntchito zofunika monga kupuma ndi mtima kusweka. Utsi wa kangaude ungayambitse matenda aakulu a coagulation, omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asagwidwe ndi matenda.
Mofanana ndi chithandizo chachipatala cha kukwawa kwa njoka zam'madzi, kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi kwa akalulu otsekemera a poizoni amaphatikizapo kulandira mofulumira komanso mosamala za mankhwala oletsa anti-venom.
Nkhonya
Kubaya kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinkhanira kungayambitse zotsatira zoopsa za moyo, kuphatikizapo miyendo ya mtima, kufooka kwa thupi, ndi kupweteka kwa kupuma. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, chiwombankhanga chimatha kusokoneza mwachindunji njira yowononga magazi ndi magazi. Scorpion imawathandiza kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso ya catecholamines, yomwe ndi mahomoni osangalatsa.
Kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa kachokulamini kungapangitse kusintha kwakukulu mu mitsempha ya magazi, kuchepa kwa mitsempha ya magazi, ndi kusintha kwa mtima kwa thupi.
Nkhono
Nkhono zambiri zilibe vuto lililonse. Pali mitundu ina yaming'onoting'ono yamadzi yomwe imadyetsa nsomba ndipo imatha kuvulaza anthu chifukwa cha utsi wawo - zomwe zingayambitse matenda.
Mawu Ochokera
Kuluma kwa nyama kungakhale koopsa kwa wozunzidwa. Nthawi zonse chithandizo chamankhwala chili chofunika, chifukwa zizindikiro zoopsa zamoyo zingasinthe mofulumira. Mitundu ya nyama zakutchire zimasiyana malinga ndi malo a chilengedwe ndi nyengo, ndipo ogwira ntchito zachipatala mwadzidzidzi amadziwa bwino kuopsa kwa mitundu ya chibadwidwe ndi mankhwala awo ochiritsira.
Nthaŵi zambiri chithandizo chamankhwala chodziwika bwino n'chofunika kuthana ndi zotsatira za thupi la ziwalo zoopsa za chiwindi. Kawirikawiri, kuyang'anira anti-venom n'kofunikira kuti asiye kugwira ntchito yowonjezereka ya jekeseni yakupha mwa kuluma kapena mbola.
Ngakhale simungaganize kuti kutenga selfie ndikuyenera kulandira njoka kapena kuluma, akatswiri akulangiza kutenga chithunzi cha chinyama, monga chitsimikizo cha mitundu yomwe ikukuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi nthendayi yoyenera ndikupewa mtsogolo zovuta zachipatala.
> Zotsatira:
> Antivenom kwa Kufa kwa Nthenda Yopweteka Kwa Nthenda Yopweteka Kuchokera ku Njoka Yoyenera, Silva A, Hodgson WC, Wotsutsa GK, Toxins (Basel). 2017 Apr 19; 9 (4). pii: E143. onetsetsani: 10.3390 / toxins9040143.
> Association of ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebral stroke chifukwa cha chiopsezo chochuluka ndi nyamakazi ya Sahara (Cerastes cerastes), Aissaoui Y, Hammi S, Chkoura K, Ennafaa I, Boughalem M, Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique, August 2013
> Kuvulala kwaumunthu ndi kupha chifukwa cha nkhono za m'nyanja Conidae, Kohn AJ, Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Jul; 54 (7): 524-38. lembani: 10.5414 / CP202630.
> Ischemic Stroke After Wasp Sting, Kulhari A, Rogers A, Wang H, Kumaraswamy VM, Xiong W, DeGeorgia M, J Emerg Med. 2016 Aug 18.
> Zotsatira za ubongo za kukwawa ndi ntchentche: njoka, akangaude, ndi zinkhanira, Del Brutto OH, Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Julayi 2013