Zolemba zachipatala zachipatala ndi zilembo

by Vincent Iannelli, MD, dokotala wodziwika bwino

Matenda a Zophunzira Zaumoyo

Zolemba zachipatala zachipatala ndi zilembo A-to-F

Kugwiritsira ntchito zilembo zamakono ndi zovuta zachipatala nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuwerenga ndi kumvetsetsa mabuku a zachipatala ndi aubereki, malangizo a ana a ana anu, malamulo anu, ndi zina. Phunzirani zina mwazidule zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dokotala ndi zizindikiro zomwe dokotala angagwiritse ntchito.

Inde, kupeŵa kugwiritsa ntchito zidule ndi zilembo, kupatula ngati zikutchulidwa koyamba, ndiyo njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo kuwerenga ndi kulephera kusokonezeka.

AA: Alumwa Osadziwika
AA: kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
AAP: American Academy of Pediatrics
AACAP: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
ABG: magazi ophera magazi
ABR: Kuyankha kwa ubongo
Komiti Yolangizira ya Zopangira Katemera
ADHD: vuto lodziwitsidwa / vuto lachisokonezo
AGA: yoyenera pa msinkhu wamakono
Edzi: adalandira matenda a immunodeficiency syndrome
ALD: adrenoleukodystrophy
ZONSE: zoopsa zamatenda a m'magazi
ALT: alanine aminotransferase
AMN: adrenomyeloneuropathy
ANLL: pachilendo cha nonlymphocytic khansa ya m'magazi
AOM: ovuta otitis
APLS: chithandizo chamtsogolo cha moyo wa ana
ARA: arachidonic acid
ARDS: yovuta kupuma matenda syndrome
ARF: mliri wamtambo wambiri
ASD: autism spectrum matenda
ASO: antistreptolysin O
AST: aspartate aminotransferase
BCG: bacillus Camille-Guerin
BiPAP: bilevel yabwino airway pressure
BMI: ndondomeko ya misala ya thupi
BP: kuthamanga kwa magazi
BPA: Bisphenol A
BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia
BSA: thupi lonselo

BUN: magazi urea nitrogen
CAM: mankhwala othandizira komanso othandizira
CBC: kumaliza kuchuluka kwa magazi
CBT: chithandizo chamaganizo cha khalidwe
CD: matenda a Crohn
CD4: glycoprotein pamwamba pa maselo othandiza T
CDC: Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda ndi Kupewa Matenda
CDP: kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo kunachedwa kutha msinkhu
CF: cystic fibrosis
CHL: kutaya makutu

CLD: matenda aakulu a mapapu
CLL: chronic lymphocytic khansa ya m'magazi
CML: matenda aakulu a khansa ya m'magazi
CNS: dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha
CO: Kuchokera kwa mtima
CP: cerebral palsy
CPAP: kupitilizabe kuthamanga kwapansi
CPK: kulenga phosphokinase
CPSC: Consumer Product Safety Commission
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
CSOM: wotchuka serous otitis media
CT: computed tomography
DFA: anti-fluorosite yowonongeka
DHA: docosahexaenoic acid
DOB: tsiku lobadwa
DPI: ufa wouma mu inhaler
DR: zosagwira mankhwala
DSM-IV-TR: Buku Lophatikiza ndi Kuwerenga kwa Mavuto a Mitsempha, ndondomeko yachinayi
DTaP: ma diphhtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, ndi acellular pertussis
DTP: diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, ndi lonse-selo pertussis
EBM: mankhwala othandizira umboni
EBV: Vuto la Epstein-Barr
ECG: electrocardiography
ECI: Kuteteza ana msinkhu
ECMO: membrane yochuluka ya oxygenation
ED: Dipatimenti yosayembekezereka
EEG: electroencephalography
EIA: Kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi
EIB: bronchospasm yomwe imayambitsa ntchito
ENT: Makutu, Mphuno, ndi Throat
Epi: epinephrine
ESR: mlingo wa erythrocyte
FAAP : Munthu wa American Academy of Pediatrics
FAS: Matenda a fetal alcohol
Foni: kuchepa kwake
FDA: Utsogoleri wa Zakudya ndi Zamankhwala
FEF25-75: kuthamanga kokakamiza kuthamanga
FEV1: voliyumu yowatsitsimula mu mphindi 1

FiO2: gawo la mpweya wouziridwa
FSGS: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
FSH: hormone yochititsa chidwi
FTT: kulephera kulemera

Matenda a zilembo ndi zilembo G-to-N

GABHS: gulu A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus
GBS: gulu B Streptococcus
GBS: Matenda a Guillain Barre
GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale
GFCF : free casein ya gluten
GH: kukula kwa hormone
GI: m'mimba
GnRH: gonadotropin-kutulutsa hormone
GU: genitourinary
HAV: kachilombo ka hepatitis A
HBsAg: hepatitis B pamwamba antigen
HBV: kachilombo ka hepatitis B
Hct: hematocrit
HDL: mkulu-mlingo waukulu lipoprotein
HFV: kuthamanga kwa mpweya wabwino
Hgb: hemoglobin
HHV: munthu herpesvirus

Hib: Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b
HIV: kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a munthu
HLA: Mankhwala a leukocyte antigen
hMPV: metapneumovirus ya munthu
HPV: papillomavirus ya munthu
HR: mlingo wa mtima
HSV: kachilombo ka herpes simplex
IBD: matenda opweteka a m'magazi
IBS : matenda opweteka a m'mimba
ICS: inalimbikitsa corticosteroid
IDEA: Anthu omwe ali ndi Maphunziro a Disability Education Act
IDDM: shuga ya shuga ya insulini
IDU: kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
IG: immune globulin
Ig: immunoglobulin
IGF-1: kukula monga insulini-1
IL: interleukin
IM: intramuscular
INH: isoniazid
iNO: inalimbikitsa nitric okusayidi
IPV: katemera wotsekemera wa poliovirus
IV: kusokoneza
IVC: intraventricular catheter
IVC: kuchepetsa vena cava
IVIG: Kuteteza thupi kumatenda
JD: Matenda a shuga a achinyamata
JRA : Nyamakazi Yachiberekero Yachiberekero
LABA: Long-acting beta2 agonist
LAIV: katemera woteteza matenda a chimfine
ZOKHUDZA: Anchokwe Chakumunsi ndi Tethers kwa Ana
LCAD: longline acyl-coA dehydrogenase
LCFA: mafuta amtundu wautali
LD: kuphunzira kulemala
LDL: otsika kwambiri lipoprotein
LGA: yaikulu kwa zaka zapakatikati
LH: Luteinizing hormone
LMA: laryngeal mask panjira
LQTS: matenda aakulu a QT
Mas: Meconium aspiration syndrome
MCAD: chinyontho cha acyl-coA dehydrogenase
MCAT: Chiyeso cha Kuvomerezedwa kwa Kachipatala
MCV4: Katemera wa tetravalent meningococcal conjugate
MD: Dokotala wa Mankhwala
MDI : kuchepa kwa mlingo wa mankhwala
MEE: kuwonongeka kwa khutu pakati
MIC: chiwerengero chochepetsetsa choletsedwa
MMR: makoswe-mumps-rubella
NKDA: palibe mankhwala omwe amadziwika
MPGN: mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis
MPSV4: Katemera wotchedwa meningococcal polysaccharide wambiri
MRI: Chithunzi chogwiritsira ntchito magnetic resonance
mRNA: mtumiki RNA
MRSA : Staphylococcus aureus yosagonjetsedwa ndi methicillin
NAAT: nucleic acid amplification test
NBS: Kuwonera kumene kwatsopano
NICU: chipangizo cholera chithandizo chokwanira
NSAID: mankhwala osakanikirana ndi othandizira

Matenda a zilembo ndi zilembo O-to-Z

OAE: kuyezetsa kupuma kwa otoacoustic
OCD: matenda osokoneza bongo
OME: otitis media ndi zovuta
VV: katemera wamlomo poliovirus
OSAS : matenda osokoneza bongo apnea
PAC: kusokonezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mankhwala
PaCO2: kupanikizika pang'ono kwa arterial carbon dioxide
MALANGIZO: Thandizo Labwino la Moyo Wothandizira
PANDAS : matenda a autoimmune neuropsychiatric matenda
PaO2: kupanikizika pang'ono kwa mpweya wabwino
PCP: dokotala woyang'anira chisamaliro
PCR: polymerase chain chain
Katemera wa PCV7: 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate
Katemera wa PCV13: 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate
PDD: matenda aakulu otukuka
PET: kukakamiza equalization tube
PFT: mapangidwe a pulmonary ntchito
PPHN: kupitirizabe kuthamanga kwa mthupi mwa mwana wakhanda
Katemera wa PPV23: 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide
PT: prothrombin nthawi
PT : mankhwala othandizira
PTT: nthawi yochepa ya thromboplastin
PVC: kuvomereza msanga kwa msana
QTc: adakonza nthawi ya QT
ZIKULU
RDA: chakudya cholimbikitsidwa cha zakudya
RDS: kupuma kwa matenda
ROP: Retinopathy ya prematurity
RR: kupuma kwa thupi
RSV : kupuma kwa syncytial virus
SABA: Kuchita mwachidule beta2 agonist
SGA: yaying'ono kwa zaka zapakatikati
SIDS: Mwadzidzidzi Child Infant Death Syndrome
ZOKHUDZA: systemic lupus erythematosus
SNHL: kuchepa kwa kumva kumva
SSRI: posankha serotonin reuptake inhibitor
SSS: matenda a sinus syndrome
STD: matenda opatsirana pogonana
Matenda opatsirana pogonana: Matenda opatsirana pogonana
SVT: suptraventricular tachcarcardia
T4: thyroxine
TB: chifuwa chachikulu
TD: tardive dyskinesia
Td: tetanus toxoid ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa diphtheria toxoid
Tdap: tetanus toxoid, kuchepetsedwa kwa diphtheria toxoid, ndi acellular pertussis
THC: D9-tetrahydrocannabinol
TIV: katemera wotchuka wa chiwindi
TM: tympanic membrane
TNF: chifuwa cha necrosis
TS: Matenda a Tourette
TSH: hormone ya chithokomiro
TST: kuyesa khungu la tuberculin
UA: urinalysis
UC: ulcerative colitis
UGI: kumayeso apamwamba a GI
UNHS: kuyang'anitsitsa kumvetsera kwatsopano kwa makanda
UP / Cr: mkodzo wamapulo / creinine chiŵerengero
URI: kuthamanga kwapakati pamatenda
UTI : matenda a urinary matenda
V / Q: mpweya wabwino
VAERS: Katemera Wotsutsa Zochitika Zamakono
VCUG : kutsegula zolaula
VF: chifuwa cha ventricular
VHC: chipinda chokhala ndi valve
VLCFA: yaitali kwambiri unyolo mafuta acids
VLDL: otsika kwambiri-osalimba lipoprotein
VT: ventricular tachycardia
VUR: reflux vesicoureteral
vWb: matenda a Willebrand
VZV: varicella-zoster HIV
WBC: selo loyera la magazi
WHO: bungwe lapadziko lonse la thanzi

Mankhwala Olembedwa Pachipatala Machaputala

Makolo omwe amasokonezeka pazomwe analembera mankhwala a mankhwala awo angapange zolakwika kupereka mankhwalawa. Iwo sangathe kutsimikiziranso kuti mankhwalawa anaperekedwa monga mmene ana awo ankafunira.

Inde, njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli si kuphunzitsa makolo kuti adziwitse zolemba za nkhuku za ana awo kapena kuphunzira zilembo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolembedwazo. Zingakhale bwino ngati ife tonse tigwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu apakompyuta kuti tipewe zolakwika zachipatala kuchokera ku zolemba zosalemba bwino zolembedwa pamanja ndi kuphunzira kupeŵa zilembo zachipatala.

Mpaka izi zitachitika, mukhoza kupenda zina mwazidule za mankhwalawa ndikuonetsetsa kuti mumvetsetsa malangizo omwe amamwa mankhwala omwe ana anu amauza ana anu.

Sitimayi: kawiri pa tsiku
gts: madontho
od: diso lamanja
os: diso lakumanzere
ou: maso onse
po: ndi pakamwa
pr: pa rectum
PRN: ngati pakufunika
q8h: maola asanu ndi atatu
qac: musanadye chakudya
qd: kamodzi pa tsiku
qhs: pogona
qod: tsiku lililonse
Nkhani: katatu patsiku