Ntchito Yopanda Thandizo Yingatheke Kulimbitsa Thandizo la Odwala
The Affordable Care Act cholinga chake ndi kukonza chitetezo chonse cha odwala, koma kodi zomwe tikudziwa tsopano zikutiuza chiyani? Tiyeni tiwone zifukwa za kusintha kwa thanzi pofuna kuchepetsa zolakwika zachipatala, ndi lingaliro la kusintha. Panthawi ino tikudziwa kuti zolakwika zachipatala ndizosavomerezeka, ndipo kuti chinachake chiyenera kusintha. N'zosakayikitsa kuti kusintha kumeneku kumafunika kwambiri kuposa malamulo angapo, kapena ambiri, omwe angakwanitse.
Koma ndi motani momwe thanzi lakusinthika lasinthira, ndipo lingapitirize bwanji kusintha chiwerengero cha zolakwika zachipatala ku United States?
Zolakwa Zamankhwala
Ziwerengero zimadziwika bwino kwa madokotala, osamalonda, oyang'anira chipatala, ndi odwala ambiri: zolakwika zachipatala zotetezeka kupha ndi / kapena kuvulaza masauzande ambiri a ku America chaka chilichonse.
Kugwirizana pakati pa zolakwika zachipatala ndi imfa kunadza patsogolo pa chidziwitso cha anthu, komanso pamene 2016 inaphunzira pa yunivesite ya John Hopkins yonena kuti zolakwika zachipatala zinali ndi anthu pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya imfa. Kuyika izi mwa njira yosavuta kwambiri, kapena yowopsya, zolakwika zachipatala zikuwoneka kuti ndizochitatu zomwe zimayambitsa imfa.
Ngakhale pakhala pali kutsutsana kwakukulu pa nambala yeniyeni, komanso momwe angapewere imfa zambiri, tikudziwa kuti zolakwika zachipatala ndi vuto lalikulu ku United States. Ngakhale pakhala pali kukangana kwakukulu pazinthu zambiri, ndipo pamene zolakwika zachipatala zikuwoneka zikuchepa ngakhale asanayambe kusindikizidwa kwa Affordable Care Act, pakhala kuchepetsa imfa chifukwa cha zolakwika zamankhwala, mwina pakati pa 2010 ndi 2014.
Kusintha kwaumoyo monga njira yochepetsera zolakwika zachipatala
Ngakhale kuti cholinga chachikulu cha Care Affordable Care Act (chikhalidwe cha kusintha kwaumoyo) chinasindikizidwa kukhala lamulo mu March 2010 chinali kupereka mwayi wothandizira inshuwalansi yapamwamba kwa onse a ku America, malamulowa ali ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zingapangitse kuti chitetezo cha odwala chikhale chokwanira.
Chitetezo cha Odwala Chofanana ndi Nthenda Yathanzi ya M'munsi
Pozindikira kuti ndalama zomwe angathe kuzipeza zingathe kupezeka pochepetsa zolakwika zachipatala, Medicare anapeza zinthu zambiri zomwe "zikhoza kutetezedwa" zomwe zimafala panthawi ya chipatala. Ngati akupezeka pa chipatala cha munthu, chipatala sichikanakhoza kulipira pazinthu zoperekedwa.
Malamulowa adayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2008 isanayambe kutsogolo kwa Chithandizo cha Care Care. Osati mosayembekezereka, makampani akuluakulu a inshuwalansi aumwini, kuphatikizapo Aetna ndi Blue Cross / Blue Shield Association pakati pa anthu ena, adayesetsa kutsata ndondomeko zofanana kuti asamalipiritse zipatala ndi madokotala kuti azisamalira zovuta zachipatala zomwe siziyenera kuchitika pakapita kuchipatala.
Cholinga cha ndondomekozi ndi kupulumutsa miyoyo ndikusunga ndalama powapeza zipatala zikugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zothetsera zolakwika.
Transparency ndi Zotsitsimutsa Zatsopano Zopereka Chithandizo cha Odwala
Kukhazikitsa malamulo a chitetezo cha chipatala ku Medicare kunakhazikitsidwa mu 2008, Affordable Care Act amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama za Medicare kuchipatala kuti zisonkhezere kusintha. Patapita nthawi, makampani ambiri a inshuwalansi akuyembekezerapo kutsogolo kwa Medicare; izi ziyenera kukukhudzani mosasamala kanthu za ndondomeko ya thanzi yomwe imalipira ngongole zanu kuchipatala.
Zolinga zotsatirazi mu lamulo lokonza zaumoyo zimapanga maziko a kusintha kofunikira:
- Ma chipatala ndi zotsatira zabwino zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusamalidwa ndi zikwapu ndi matenda a mtima, komanso kupewa matendawa kudzalandira malipiro apamwamba.
- Ma chipatala omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda a mtima komanso mavuto ambiri omwe amapatsidwa kuchipatala monga matenda, zilonda zamabedi, ndi kugwa adzaweruzidwa ndi malipiro ochepa.
- Medicare adziwongolera zolakwika za chipatala ndipo (2014) adzalandira malipiro ndi 1 peresenti kuzipatala zomwe zili ndipamwamba kwambiri pa nkhani za chitetezo cha odwala.
Kuti mutsimikizire kuti mumadziwa zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chimenechi komanso kugawana momwe zipatala zikuyendera, Wopindulitsa Care Act akufunika Medicare kuti:
- Sindikizani mbiri yakale ya kuchipatala chachipatala.
- Pangani Zotsatira Zophatikiza Zotsatira Zofufuza Research zomwe zingalimbikitse mankhwala othandiza kwambiri.
- Pangani Chitukuko cha Kukonza Bwino ndi Kutetezeka kwa Odwala kwa kafukufuku wopititsa patsogolo ku chitetezo cha odwala.
Monga gawo la kusintha kwa zaumoyo, boma linagwirizana kupereka ndalama zokwana $ 75 miliyoni chaka ndi chaka kuti zikhale bwino ndi chitetezo.
Mmene Zizindikiro Zikufananirana ndi Pakati pa Kutetezeka kwa Odwala
Medicare, mogwirizana ndi zipatala zambiri kuzungulira dzikoli, yakhala ikuyambitsa matenda a Hospital. Chida ichi chikhoza kukuthandizani kudziwa zambiri za momwe zipatala za m'deralo zimathandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ena kapena opaleshoni, ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wodwala za momwe amasamalirako pa chipatala chaposachedwapa. Kudziwa izi kungakuthandizeni kufanizitsa ubwino wa zipatala zakuthandizira ndikupangitsani kupanga chisankho pa zomwe zingakhale zabwino kwa inu ngati mukufuna chithandizo cha kuchipatala.
Zina mwa matendawa zikuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa mtima, kuperewera kwa mtima, matenda ammapapu aakulu, chibayo, matenda a shuga kwa akulu, ndi kupweteka pachifuwa. Zina mwa opaleshoniyi zimaphatikizapo opaleshoni ya mtima, kupaleshoni kwa pachipatala, opaleshoni ya ndulu, opaleshoni ya heritini, opaleshoni yamagazi, opaleshoni yam'mbuyo ndi ya m'khosi, kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya prostate, ndi opaleshoni ya kubala.
Machenjezo ena onena za chipatala
Zomwe zili mu Chipatala Choyerekeza ndi webusaiti zimachokera kuzipatala zomwe zagwirizana kuti zipereke chidziwitso chapamwamba pa Mapiritsi oyerekeza kuti apange anthu. Chipatala chanu sichikhoza kulembedwa. Ndipo, ngati muli mu dongosolo lokonza chisamaliro (HMO kapena PPO), chipatala chimene mukuchigwiritsa ntchito sichingakhoze kukhala mu intaneti yanu yopereka chithandizo. Komabe, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mbiri ya chipatala cholakwika chachipatala.
Maganizo oyambirira pa zotsatira za chisamaliro chothandizira
Polimbikitsanso kwambiri kukulitsa khalidwe ndi kutsuka kwa "karoti ndi kumamatira" kuchipatala, ndibwino kuti chisamaliro cha chipatala chidzasintha kwa nthawi yaitali. Komabe, ndi kusintha kwina kulikonse mu dongosolo la thanzi likuyembekezeka kuchokera ku kusintha kwa thanzi, zofuna (zonse zachuma ndi chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha odwala omwe akufunikira thandizo) kuchipatala ndi madokotala, makamaka madokotala oyang'anira chisamaliro, akhoza kukhala ofunika, ngati osasokonezeka .
Ndalama Zopanda Thandizo ndi Zolakwitsa Zamankhwala, 2010-2014
Tsopano tili ndi zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi zotsatira zowonjezereka za Care Act pa zolakwika zachipatala. Malingana ndi bungwe la Healthcare Research and Quality, kudali kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa 17 peresenti m'mabuku omwe anapeza kuchipatala pakati pa 2010 ndi 2014. Izi zikutanthawuza kufa kwa anthu 87,000, komanso ndalama zokwana madola 19.8 biliyoni. Ngakhale kuchepa kwa zolakwa kumawoneka kuti akungoyendetsa, ndipo ngakhale zina zomwe zanenedwa ndi ACA, m'njira zambiri izi ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa nthawi yaitali poyendetsa zolakwika zachipatala.
Kulephera Kumvetsetsa Kusintha kwa Zolakwika Zamankhwala
Pali zoperewera podziwa momwe kuchepa kwa zolakwika zachipatala kungatchulidwe ndi Affordable Care Act. Lankhulani za njira zochepetsera zolakwika zachipatala zisanayambe kukhazikitsidwa kwa Act, ndipo tawonanso kuti kuchepetsa zolakwika kunayambika isanayambe kukhazikitsidwa mu 2010.
Kulakwitsa Zochepa Zochiritsira Mwa Kukhala Wodwala Wopatsa Mphamvu
Ziribe kanthu kuti ACA ndi Obamacare vs Trumpcare zimakhudza bwanji kupirira kwachidziwitso m'zaka zikubwerazi, kusintha kumeneku sikukwanira kukwaniritsa kuchepetsa komwe tikufunikira kuti tiwone mu zolakwika zachipatala. Mu njira zambiri, mwayi wanu wopewa zolakwika zachipatala ndi kukhala wodwala wothandizira komanso nthawi yopenda njira zothetsera chiopsezo chanu. Tengani nthawi kuti mudziwe momwe mungachepetsere vuto lanu la zolakwika za mankhwala . Kuchita zimenezi kungatenge nthawi pang'ono ndikupulumutsa moyo. Pezani nthawi yowerengera zolemba zanu zachipatala zolakwika. Funsani mafunso ambiri ndipo onetsetsani kuti mumvetsetsa ubwino ndi zopindulitsa za mankhwala alionse kapena ndondomeko dokotala wanu amalangiza.
Mfundo Zofunika pa Zolakwika Zamankhwala ndi Kusintha kwa Zaumoyo
Chimodzi mwa zolinga za Care Affordable Care Act chinali kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zolakwika zachipatala, zolakwika zomwe zingakhale ndi udindo wa 10 peresenti ya anthu akufa mudziko lino. Kuchokera mu nyengo ya 2010 ndi 2014, zikuwoneka kuti zakhala zogwira mtima, ngakhale pali nkhani zambiri zomwe zatulutsidwa. Chofunikira pa nthawiyi, ndi chakuti anthu angathe kuchita chinachake lerolino kuti achepetse chiopsezo chawo, mosasamala kanthu kuti zisinthe pa National level. Kukhala wodwala wanzeru ndi wolimbikitsidwa ndi chimodzi mwa zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze zolakwa zanu zomwe zakhala zikufala kwambiri lero.
> Zotsatira:
> Bungwe la Healthcare Research ndi Quality. Kupulumutsa Moyo ndi Kusunga Ndalama: Chipatala Chokwanira Chikhalidwe. Dongosolo lachidule Kuchokera ku Nkhama Zomwe Zilipo Kuti Zisamalire Zopanda Thanzi, 2010-2014. https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/pfp/interimhacrate2014.html?utm_source=HHSPressRelease65&utm_medium=HHSPressRelease&utm_term=HAC&utm_content=65&utm_campaign=CUSP4CAUTI2015