Nkhawa ndi chizindikiro chofala kwa odwala omwe ali pafupi ndi imfa. Odwala ena amatha kukhala ndi nkhawa, koma kwa ena, kuopsezedwa koopsa kumatha. Mosasamala kanthu za chifukwa, nkhawa imayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga.
Zizindikiro za Kutha kwa Moyo Wa Nkhawa
Zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto zimasiyana. Ena akhoza kutanthauzira zomwe akumva ndipo ena sangathe. Ndikofunika kudziwa zomwe nkhawa zikuwoneka kuti mutha kuzizindikira mosavuta zikachitika.
Nkhawa imayendetsedwa ndi adrenaline, ndipo zizindikiro zake zimasonyeza kuti mayendedwe a thupi "kuthawa kapena kumenya" amayamba.
Nkhawa ili ndi malingaliro, malingaliro, makhalidwe, ndi maonekedwe kuchokera ku mnofu mpaka wovuta.
Zizindikiro Zoganizira
- Nkhawa yofatsa: Wodwala akhoza kukhala wochenjera kwambiri ndipo sakuganizira kwambiri.
- Nkhaŵa yocheperapo: Angakhale ovuta kuika maganizo ndi kusokonezeka mosavuta.
- Kuda nkhawa kwakukulu / mantha: Wodwala sangathe kuika maganizo ake, ngakhale ngati malangizo apadera akuperekedwa. Kuda nkhawa kwakukulu kungachititse kuti pakhale chisokonezo.
Zizindikiro ndi Zomwe Zikuchitika
- Nkhawa Yang'onopang'ono: Wodwala angakhale wokwiya kapena wokhumudwa. Angakhale wochepetsetsa kapena wokhumudwa mosavuta.
- Nkhawa yosawerengeka: Wodwala akhoza kukhala wosasamala, wokhumudwa, ndipo akukwiya kwambiri. Mwinamwake angakhale akulira ndi kufotokoza kumverera kwa nkhawa kapena kusasokonezeka.
- Kuda nkhawa kwakukulu: Wodwala angakhale akulira mosalekeza, akuwoneka akuwopsya, ndikulira ndi kufuula. Angathe kufotokozera za chiwonongeko, mantha, kapena mantha, kapena kuwonetsa makhalidwe osadziletsa kapena obwerezabwereza.
Zizindikiro Zathupi
Zizindikiro zambiri za nkhawa zomwe zili m'munsimu zikufanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala.
- Nkhawa yofatsa: Wodwala angakhale ndi kusowa tulo ndikuvutika kupumula.
- Nkhaŵa yocheperapo: Angakhale ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mtima kapena mapiritsi. Kupuma kwake kungakhale kofulumira, ndipo akhoza kudandaula kuti akumva kusokonezeka kapena kutsekula m'mimba.
- Nkhawa yaikulu: Wodwala akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zonse pamwambapa, koma zovuta kwambiri. Angathe kusanza kapena nthaka. Angagwiritsire ntchito mowa kapena kusunga ululu pamtima. Ophunzira ake adzasungunuka ndipo akhoza kutuluka thukuta kwambiri.
- Zizindikiro zina za nkhawa zimaphatikizapo pakamwa youma, kupweteka kwa minofu kapena kunjenjemera, ndi ululu m'mimba.
Utsogoleri
Ngati wokondedwa wanu ayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za nkhawa, chinthu choyamba muyenera kuchita ndi kuyesa kumuletsa. Nthawi zina kusokonezeka kokha kungakhale kokwanira kuchepetsa nkhawa ndikumutontholetsa. Yesetsani kukambirana zina osati za matenda kapena zizindikiro - mwinamwake masewera atsopano a mpira kapena okongola.
Kaya nkhawa ikupita kapena ikupitirira kuwonjezeka, nkofunika kuyitana dokotala kuti adziwe chizindikirocho ndi kupeza uphungu wachipatala. Ngati wokondedwa wanu ali kuchipatala , funsani a chipatala ndikumuuza namwino kuti akusonyeza zizindikiro za nkhawa. Namwino wothandizira amakupatsani malangizo enieni ndipo angatumize namwino kuti adziwe momwe zinthu zilili.
Mabungwe ambiri operekera kuchipatala amapereka odwala awo omwe ali pamudzi omwe ali ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono ka mankhwala komwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mwadzidzidzi. Makinawa, omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa kitsitsi kapena zotetezedwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mankhwala amodzi kuti athetse nkhawa.
Namwino wothandizira odwala angakupatseni malangizo kuti ayambe kumwa mankhwalawa ndi kuwalemba pazenera za mankhwala.
Ngati wokondedwa wanu sali m'chipatala, muyenera kupeza malangizo ochokera kwa dokotala kapena adokotala. Akhoza kuitanitsa mankhwala ku mankhwala kapena kuwapempha kuti awone wodwalayo ku ofesi.
Mankhwala
Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuti athetse nkhawa:
- Ativan (Lorazepam)
- Serax (Oxazepam)
- Klonopin (Clonazepam)
- Xanax (Alprazolam)
- Valium (Diazepam)
Kuchitira Zifukwa Zowoneka
Zambiri mwazimene zimayambitsa nkhawa ndi kupweteka ndi kupuma pang'ono ( dyspnea ). Ngati wokondedwa wanu akukumana ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi, ndizofunika kuti azithandizidwa pamodzi ndi nkhawa.
Zotsatira
Ferrell, BR ndi Coyle, N. Textbook of Palliative Nursing , Oxford University Press, 2006.
Kinzbrunner, BM; Weinreb, NJ; Policzer, JS. Mavuto Odziwika: Kutha kwa Moyo Care , McGraw-Hill Publishing, 2002.