Kuchita opaleshoni ya Hip ndi mabondo ndi chimodzi mwa njira zochiritsira zomwe zimachitika ndi opaleshoni ya mafupa. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zazikulu zothandizira opaleshoni yowonjezereka ndi kupereka odwala omwe amachititsa njirayi ndi ululu wopanda, mgwirizano wochita bwino womwe umawathandiza kuti abwerere kuntchito zawo zomwe akufuna. Komabe, cholinga china chachikulu ndikuonetsetsa kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yoperekera chithandizo yomwe imachepetsa zoopsa zomwe zingakhalepo ndikuyesetsa kupeŵa kuvulaza.
Zinthu zambiri za opaleshoni yowonjezera yowonjezera zakhala zikuyenda bwino pazaka makumi angapo zapitazo kuti athetse mavuto omwe angagwirizane ndi opaleshoni. Njira imodzi yothandiza kuchepetsa ngozi zomwe zimachitika ndi opaleshoni ndikutha kuyembekezera odwala omwe ndi njira zomwe zingagwirizane ndi vuto lalikulu.
Kupewa Kuvulaza Kuchokera Kumalo Ogwirizana
Anthu ambiri omwe amaganizira za malo omwe amalowa nawo amadziŵa zina mwazoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mankhwalawa. Zina mwazidzidzidzi zimaphatikizapo matenda, kuvula magazi, kuumitsa pamodzi , kupweteka kosalekeza , pakati pa ena.
Poyesetsa kuthetsa mavuto omwe angakhalepo okhudza opaleshoni, gulu lanu lochita opaleshoni lidzachita masitepe angapo kuti muteteze mavutowa. Kuonjezera apo, pali kuyesayesa koyesa kuyesa kuzindikira omwe odwala angakhale pachiopsezo chachikulu chothetsera mavuto, ndipo atenge njira zowonjezera zomwe zingathe kuvulaza musanachite opaleshoni m'magulu angapo a anthu.
Chinthu choyamba chofunikira ndi kuyesa kudziwa zomwe zingayambitse mavuto omwe angakhale nawo pamapeto pake. Poyesera kuzindikira kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ziri zofunika kwambiri, pakhala kufufuza kufufuzira omwe odwala angafunike kubwereranso ku chipatala mkati mwa masiku 90 atachita opaleshoni.
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wafufuzira odwala oposa 1500 amene adalowa m'malo mwa chiuno kapena mawondo, ndipo ayesetse kudziwa zomwe zingapangitse kuti chiwerengero chitha kuwonjezeka m'miyezi itatu yoyamba ikuchitika opaleshoni.
ASA Maphunziro
Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti imodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimachitika poyambitsirana ku chipatala chinali mpangidwe wapamwamba wa ASA. Mpukutu wa ASA unayambitsidwa ndi American Society of Anesthesiologists kuti awononge thanzi la odwala opaleshoni. Poyamba panali magulu asanu, ndipo chachisanu ndi chimodzi chinawonjezeredwa. Kawirikawiri, kulowetsa mmalo kungaganizidwe kagawo 1 mpaka 4.
Mndandanda wa ASA umawerengetsa odwala monga awa:
- Munthu wathanzi
- Matenda ovuta
- Matenda oopsa a systemic
- Matenda a systemic oopsa omwe amawopsyeza moyo nthawi zonse
Anthu omwe ali ndi chiphaso cha ASA chachitatu kapena apamwamba amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cholowetsanso kuchipatala. Odwalawa ayenera kufufuzidwa mosamalitsa musanayambe opaleshoni, ndipo njira zowonongeka ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zithane ndi matenda a systemic omwe amachititsa kuti chiopsezochi chiwonjezeke.
Malo Osokonezeka
Zaka zingapo zapitazi, pafupifupi odwala onse omwe amaloledwa kulowa nawo limodzi adatumizidwa kumalo osungirako ziweto kapena kunyumba yosungirako anthu okalamba.
Kwa zaka khumi zapitazo, kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zosavuta kuchipatala kwatsikira kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zowonongeka kumeneku ndi chakuti anthu omwe amapita kuzipatala zothandizira anthu odwala matenda odwala matenda opatsirana kapena odwala omwe ali ndi malo okalamba amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wofuna kubwereranso kuchipatala. Odwala ambiri akutumizidwa kunyumba ndi thandizo laumoyo wa kunyumba kapena mankhwala opatsirana. Kuonjezera apo, madokotala ena opaleshoni akuyamba kupanga mapulogalamu omwe amalola opaleshoni yothandizira odwala .
Kusintha kwa mapulani okhudzidwa kwa anthu omwe ali nawo m'malo mwawo ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri. Posachedwapa pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, 15 peresenti ya odwala anapita kwawo kuchokera kuchipatala.
Masiku ano, oposa 50 peresenti ya odwala pazipatala zambiri, komanso m'madera ena a chipatala ali ndi chiŵerengero chokwanira kwambiri, akupita kunyumba kuchokera kuchipatala chodwala.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingathe kufotokoza chifukwa chake odwala omwe amafunika kuchipatala amatha kukhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chowerengera kuchipatala. Izi zimakhala zofooka kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala ndi zovuta zina zachipatala. Kuonjezera apo, madokotala ambiri opaleshoni amakhala ndi nkhawa zokhudza matenda opatsirana omwe angapezekanso m'mabungwe oyamwitsa anthu. Zifukwa izi zingapangitse mwayi wapamwamba wofuna kubwereranso pambuyo polowa m'malo.
Thupi la Misa
Mndandanda wa minofu wa thupi, kapena BMI, wa anthu omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni yowonjezera akupitirizabe kukhala yothandiza kwambiri kuti pangakhale mavuto, kuphatikizapo kubwereranso kuchipatala. Anthu omwe ali ndi BMI oposa 40 adawonetsa kuopsa kovuta kumvetsetsa potsatira opaleshoni yowonjezereka kuphatikizapo kubwereza kuchipatala mosakonzekera.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri za BMI, ndiko kusintha BMI mwina, kapena pambuyo pake, opaleshoni yowonjezera. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a nyamakazi, ndipo ali olemera kwambiri, amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri kuyesera kuchepetsa kulemera kwa kupweteka kwawo. Mwachidziwitso, pali njira zolimbitsa thupi ndi kulemera komwe zingathandize ena mwa anthuwa. Ngati mukulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu musanachite opaleshoni yowonjezereka, munakambirana ndi dokotala njira zina zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuti muchepetse chiwerengero cha misala yanu.
Mawu Ochokera
Kuchita opaleshoni yowonjezereka ndi njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yothandiza. Komabe, pali mavuto omwe angathe, ena mwa iwo akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zowawa. Pachifukwa ichi, madokotala ochita opaleshoni akuchita chidwi kwambiri ndi chitsimikizo chomwe odwala ali ndi mwayi waukulu wothetsera mavuto okhudzidwa ndi opaleshoni, ndiyeno akuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse vutoli. Ndikofunika kuti anthu omwe akulingalira kuti athe kumvetsetsa ngati ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, komanso aphunzire zomwe angachite kuti athe kuchepetsa vutoli.
> Zotsatira:
> Varacallo MA, Herzog L, Toossi N, Johanson NA. "Zochitika Zaka khumi Zakale ndi Zowopsa Zowonongeka Kwa Kuwerengera Osakonzedweratu Pambuyo pa Kusankhidwa Kwambiri kwa Joint Arthroplasty ku Chipatala Chachikulu Chakumudzi" J Arthroplasty. 2017 Jun; 32 (6): 1739-1746. Epub 2016 Dec 27.