Mmene Mungayambitsire Mavuto ndi Zimene Mungachite Kuti Mupewe Kukhumudwitsa
Kuchita opaleshoni yowonongeka ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala ochiritsira kwambiri a nyamakazi ya bondo . Machiritso a opaleshoni yopanga opaleshoni ndiwadera nkhawa anthu ambiri omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoniyi. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti matenda a mawondo a mawondo ndi vuto lalikulu, ndipo kukhala ndi mankhwala omwe amachiritsidwa bwino ndi odwala ambiri oopa nawo.
Nazi zina mwa zizindikiro za machiritso, momwe angapewere, ndi zomwe zingafunikire kuti zichitike.
Matenda a machiritso akatha mawondo amasiyana malinga ndi maphunziro osiyanasiyana, koma ndi pakati pa 1 peresenti ndi 10 peresenti mu malipoti ambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali mwayi wapang'ono wa vuto la machiritso, koma izi sizomwe zimakhala zovuta kumvetsa, ndipo zomwe anthu akuchita opaleshoni ya mawondo amafunika kumvetsa ndi kuzizindikira.
Chodetsa nkhaŵa ndikuti mwayi wa matenda obwera chifukwa cha bondo m'malo mwa anthu osakhala ndi vuto la mankhwalawa ndi osachepera 1 peresenti, koma mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la machiritso, mwayi wa matenda aakulu m'chaka choyamba chitatha opaleshoni ndi oposa 10 peresenti! Ndicho chifukwa ife monga madokotala opaleshoni timafuna kutsimikiza kuti tikuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tithandizire kuchiritsidwa bwino, ndipo nthawi yomweyo muziyang'anira chilonda chilichonse chomwe sichikuchiritsa.
Kuchiritsa Zosintha
Machiritso a khungu ndi mapewa ofewa ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti muteteze mabakiteriya pamwamba pa khungu ndi kunja kwa chilengedwe. Mpaka chilemacho chitachiritsidwa, pali ngozi yomwe ingabweretse kubakiteriya ndi matenda a mawonekedwe a mawondo.
Pachifukwachi, kuonetsetsa kuti machiritso akufulumira ndiwopindulitsa kuti apambidwe opaleshoni.
Pali magawo angapo a machiritso omwe amapezeka pambuyo pa mawondo (kapena kutengeka kwapadera):
- Gawo loyamba ndi kutupa ; siteji iyi yomwe ikuyamba mwamsanga kutsata kutseka kwa incision. Pa siteji yoyambayi, chilonda chimatha kupyolera mumadzi otchedwa " clotting cascade" , ndipo zizindikiro zimatumizidwa kupyolera mu thupi lomwe limakopera maselo ochiritsa kumalo osungirako mankhwala. Malo otupa amatha masabata angapo atatha opaleshoni.
- Gawo lachiwiri ndilokufalikira ; siteji iyi imayamba pafupifupi sabata pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndipo imayendetsa malo otupa a machiritso. Gawo lofalikira ndilofunika kuti pakhale zofunikira zowonjezera komanso machiritso ozunguza thupi.
- Gawo lotsiriza la machiritso ndi kusasitsa ; sitejiyi imayamba patatha masabata atatu ndipo ikhoza kufika mpaka chaka. Panthawi ya kusasitsa kwa chilonda, minofu ya machiritso imakula kwambiri komanso ngati khungu lenileni. Kuchetsa minofu ndi yofooka kwambiri kumayambiriro oyambirira, ndipo pamapeto pake kumabweretsa pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya mphamvu ya khungu nthawi zonse mkati mwa miyezi itatu. Chilombo sichimawoneka ngati cholimba ngati minofu ya khungu.
Zifukwa Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Musachiritse
Matenda ambiri azachipatala angakhudze kwambiri masitepe a machiritso ndi mphamvu ya chilonda chomaliza.
Zina mwazimenezi zikhoza kutetezedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa, pamene ena sangakhale ophweka kusintha. Zambiri mwazimene zimakhudza machiritso ndi mphamvu zikuphatikizapo:
- Kusadya zakudya m'thupi
- Matenda a shuga
- Matenda a nyamakazi
- Kunenepa kwambiri
- Kusuta
Pazifukwa izi, mapulogalamu ambiri omwe amalowetsamo amatha kulangiza anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu uliwonse wa opaleshoni yowonjezereka kuti athe kukwaniritsa izi asanachitike opaleshoni. Mwachitsanzo, kuonetsetsa kuti zakudya zoyenera, kuyang'anira shuga ya magazi ( hemoglobin A1C zosachepera 8.0 ), kuyendetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo , kutaya thupi, ndi kutha kwa fodya ndizo zomwe anthu angathe kuchita kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha machiritso a machiritso atatha opaleshoni.
Kuphatikizanso, madokotala ena opaleshoni angalimbikitse kuti asagwiritse ntchito opaleshoni ya mawondo mmalo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Ngakhale kuti aliyense akufuna kukhulupirira kuti opaleshoni yawo idzapita bwino popanda zopanikizika, pali anthu omwe angakhale abwino ndi osamalidwa mosamala ndi mankhwala osamalidwa, makamaka ngati ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chochiritsidwa pambuyo pochita opaleshoni ya mawondo.
Chinthu china chomwe chingayambitse vuto ndi machiritso a machiritso ali ndi kukambirana koyambirira kwa opaleshoni pamwamba pa mawondo. Izi zimakhala zovuta makamaka pamene chithokomiro choyambirira chikupezeka kotero kuti sichikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndipo chitsulo chatsopano chiyenera kuikidwa pambali pa mawondo. Kutsekedwa kulikonse kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwabwinobwino kwa minofu ya khungu, ndipo zochitika zambiri zingachoke m'malo mwa khungu popanda magazi okwanira. Ngati izo zichitika, ndiye minofu ya necrosis (malo a minofu yakufa) ikhoza kuchitika, kusiya malo omwe angafunike khungu kapena zofewa.
Mmene Mungayankhire Vuto
Zizindikiro zoyenera kuyang'anitsitsa pamene kuyang'ana kachipangizo kokayikira kuti ali ndi vuto la machiritso ndizo:
- Kusagwedeza kapena kuwonjezeka kwa madzi kuchokera ku incision
- Mipata kapena mabowo mu incision
- Mitundu yakuda kapena yofiira yomwe ili pafupi ndi incision
- Zosweka za sutures kapena zokopa za khungu zomwe zatuluka pachimake
Zizindikiro zowonongeka za machiritso ndizowonjezereka kapena zowonongeka pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Ndi zachilendo kuti bala lopaleshoni likhale ndi madzi enaake pakapita opaleshoni, koma madzi osapitirira maola 72 pambuyo pa kutseka kwa chilonda sichikuwoneka ngati choyenera. Ngakhale kuti ena amawoneka pa bandage pambuyo panthawiyi sangakhale chifukwa chodetsa nkhaŵa, zoposa 2 masentimita a madzi otsika pamtundu wotsekemera sizingakhale zachilendo ndipo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa ndi dokotala wanu opaleshoni.
Dokotala wanu amafunika kudziwa ngati ngalande ikuchokera kumbali ya incision kapena kuchokera kuzungulira mmalo mwake. Kuphatikiza apo, iye adzafunika kudziwa ngati ngalande ikusonyeza zizindikiro za matenda. Ngati ngalandeyo ikuchokera kumbali yakuya ya chilonda kapena ingathe kutenga matenda, ndiye kuti opaleshoniyo ikhoza kufunikira kuchipatala.
Zomwe Tiyenera Kuchita Pamene Kupsinjika sikuchiritsa
Ngati muli ndi bala losachiritsika, muyenera kufunsa opaleshoni yanu mwamsanga. Ngati opaleshoni yopanga opaleshoni ikudutsa maola opitirira 72 pambuyo pa opaleshoni, anthu ayenera kukhalabe kuchipatala kuti aone ngati ali ndi kachilombo koyang'anitsitsa kuti awononge kuti bala likupitirizabe kuchiritsa. Pa nthawi yomwe madzi akuchepa, ndipo palibe chizindikiro china cha matenda, zilondazi zimatha kuchiza pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, amafunika kuwatsata mwatsatanetsatane ngati kusintha komwe akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti awonetsere kupweteka.
Kawirikawiri mankhwala opatsirana amatha kukhala ochepa mwa odwalawa, ndipo kugwada kupitirira madigiri 45 kungakhale kwa masiku angapo. Kugwedeza bondo kumawonjezera kupsinjika pamatenda omwe ali pachilondacho, komanso kumachepetsa mpweya wa m'magaziwo. Kuika mwendo molunjika kungathandize kupukuta chimbudzi nthawi zina. Mankhwala opatsirana magazi angathandizenso kuvulaza bala, ndipo chifukwa chaichi nthawi zina amayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa munthu amene akusowa kupaleshoni.
Ngati chilonda chikudutsa patangotha sabata imodzi chitatha opaleshoni, opaleshoni iyenera kuchitidwa kuti zisawonongeke kuti palibenso chidziwitso cha matenda opatsirana komanso kupewa matenda kuti asakhale vuto. Palibe ntchito yowonetsera mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha vutoli.
Ngati pali umboni wa chilonda cha necrosis kapena mpweya umene umapangika m'thupi, zingatheke kuti minofu yowonjezera yowonjezera, yomwe imakhala ngati khungu lopangidwa ndi khungu kapena mowonjezereka, zingakhale zofunikira kupereka chithandizo chokwanira ku bala . Pazifukwa izi, muyenera kupempha malangizo kwa opaleshoni ya pulasitiki omwe angagwire ntchito limodzi ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mafupa kuti alangize njira yabwino yopezera machiritso ophimbidwa bwino.
Mawu Ochokera
Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya opaleshoni yowongoka m'malo mwa bondo ndi mankhwala ochiritsira opaleshoni. Ngati mankhwalawa sakuchiritsidwa, matendawa amatha kuchoka pakhungu mpaka kumalo omwe amawongolera mawondo, ndipo zimayambitsa mavuto aakulu. Ngati pali zodetsa nkhawa za khungu lanu, dokotala wanu adziwe mwamsanga. Kupweteka ndi kuyambitsidwa koyambirira kwa mavuto a machiritso a khungu ndizofunikira kwambiri pofuna kupewa vuto lalikulu.
> Zotsatira:
> Simons MJ, Amin NH, Scuderi GR "Mavuto Ovuta Kwambiri Pambuyo Ponseponse Pachimake Arthroplasty: Kupewa ndi Kuteteza" J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2017 Aug; 25 (8): 547-55.