Matenda a Chagas ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsa matenda a Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) . Popeza kachilombo kamene kakutumiza kamakhala ku Central America, South America, ndi Mexico, apa ndi kumene matenda ambiri amabwera, ngakhale kuti ena mwaposachedwapa anapezeka kum'mwera kwa United States. Akuti anthu pafupifupi 8 miliyoni ku Latin America ali ndi matenda a Chagas, ndipo anthu ambiri sadziwa za matendawa.
Ngati sichikutsatiridwa, matenda a Chagas akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wonse ndipo amachititsa kuti mtima ndi zakudya zakuthupi zikhale zovuta kwambiri.
Zizindikiro
Matenda a Chagas ali ndi magawo awiri: gawo lalikulu komanso gawo losatha. Mulimonsemo, matendawa amachititsa zizindikiro zochepa kapena palibe, kapena zingathe kupha moyo.
Pakati Pakati
Matenda a Chagas amatha kuyamba masabata 16 mutatha kutenga kachilombo ka T. cruzi . Matenda ambiri a Chagas kawirikawiri amadwala mosavuta, nthawi zambiri popanda zizindikiro konse kapena zizindikiro monga chimfine:
- Fever
- Kutopa
- Mutu
- Rash
- Misala ya minofu
- Kutupa ma lymph nodes
Mutha kuonanso zizindikiro izi:
- Kutupa kumene kachidutswa kukupangitsani inu
- Kutupa kofiira (s)
- Kutaya zakudya
- Matenda opweteka monga kunyoza, kusanza, kapena kutsekula m'mimba
Zizindikirozi zimatha kupitirira kwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimathetsa okha, koma matendawa satha popanda mankhwala. Zingathe kumayambitsa matenda aakulu, zomwe zimachititsa kuti pakhale mavuto owopsa pambuyo pake, chifukwa chake chithandizo pa nthawi yovuta ndi chofunika kwambiri.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa Mtima: Nthawi zina matenda oopsa a Chagas angakhudze mtima wanu. Anthu omwe ali ndi mtima wamtima amakhala ndi zizindikiro za myocarditis yoopsa (kutupa kwa mitsempha ya mtima), komanso akhoza kukhala ndi piricitisitis . Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za kulowerera mtima zingaphatikizepo:
- Kupweteka pachifuwa
- Dyspnea (kupuma pang'ono)
- Kusintha pa electrocardiogram yanu ( ECG )
- Umboni wa kusokonezeka kwapadera (kutuluka kwa madzi kumtima) pa echocardiogram
Nthawi zambiri, mavuto a mtima omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a Chagas aakulu amakonza kwathunthu patapita miyezi ingapo. Komabe, anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a mtima wa Chagas adzakula mofulumira mpaka kuvutika kwa mtima , ndipo pafupifupi 5 peresenti amafa ndi matenda a mtima pamene akudwala kwambiri.
Phazi Lalikulu
Pambuyo pa chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a Chagas, anthu ambiri osatengeredwa amalowa chomwe chimatchedwa matenda osakwanira omwe amatha. Mtundu wosakwanira wa matenda a Chagas umakhala ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa matenda kapena zizindikiro.
Ngati muli ndi matenda a Chagas osakwanira, mumakhala ndikumverera mwachibadwa, ndipo muli ndi mayeso oyenera a mtima, kuphatikizapo ECG ndi echocardiogram. Komabe, kuyezetsa magazi kumasonyeza kuti muli ndi matenda aakulu a T. cruzi . Anthu ambiri amakhala mu gawo lotetezeka popanda zizindikiro kwa moyo wawo wonse.
Nthenda yosatha ya Chagas imakhudza pafupifupi 20 peresenti mpaka 30 peresenti ya anthu ndipo ikhoza kuoneka zaka 10 kapena 20 mutatenga kachilomboka, kwazaka zambiri. Zizindikiro za matenda a Chagas zakhala zoopsa kwambiri ndipo zowopsya zikhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro za mtima, komanso:
- Kuphatikizika kwa mtima
- Kulephera kwa mtima
- Kukulitsa kwa mtima
- Kukulitsa kwa Colon, komwe kungayambitse kutaya kwakukulu ndi kupweteka m'mimba
- Kukulitsa kwa mayendedwe anu, omwe angapangitse ululu ndi kuvutika kukumeza
- Imfa yadzidzidzi
Ngati mukudwala matenda a Chagas, chiopsezo cha moyo wanu chokhala ndi vuto limodzi kapena ambiri mwa mtima kapena m'mimba ndi pafupifupi 30 peresenti. Matenda a mtima wa Chagas amawoneka osachepera zaka zisanu pambuyo pa matendawa, ndipo akhoza kuchedwa nthawi yayitali kuposa iyo. Matenda a Chagas ndi vuto lalikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amachititsa imfa kapena kulemala kwakukulu.
Ndipotu, pafupi ndi matenda a mitsempha, matenda a Chagas ndiwo amachititsa kuti mtima wa Latin America usafooke.
Zimayambitsa
Nthenda ya Chagas imayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) , omwe amapezeka m'ziwombankhanga za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a triatomine ku South America, Central America, ndi Mexico. Katemera wamtunduwu amapezeka m'madera akumidzi, makamaka m'nyumba zomwe zimakhala ndi adobe, matope, udzu, kapena tchire, komanso amadyetsa magazi a anthu ndi nyama. Matenda a Chagas siwodziwika pakati pa okhala mumzinda ndipo kawirikawiri amakhala ochepa m'madera akumidzi a Latin America, ngakhale pali zochitika padziko lonse lapansi.
Ambiri amatha kutenga matendawa akamalumidwa ndi katemera wotchedwa triatomine yemwe watenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera kwa munthu wodwala kapena nyama. Katemera wa nthendayi amawombera usiku ndipo amayamba kuluma nkhope yanu usiku pamene mukugona, chifukwa chake amadziwikanso ndi "kupsompsonana." Amadzitetezera mwamsanga atangokumenya, kotero tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasiyidwa pakhungu lanu kumene kumalowa mkati mwa thupi lanu, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'maso mwanu, pakamwa, kapena podula kapena pakamwa.
Mukhozanso kutenga matenda a Chagas motere:
- Mu utero (amayi omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV amatha kupatsira anawo)
- Kutenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kudzera mwa kusintha
- Kuika magazi kuchokera kwa munthu wodwala matenda
- Kudya zakudya zowonongeka zomwe zakumwa kapena zakuda
- Kuwonetsera mu labotale
Kudziwa
Ngati mukuganiza kuti mukhoza kukhala ndi matenda a Chagas, adokotala anu amayamba kukupemphani kuti akuyeseni ndikukufunsani za zizindikiro zanu komanso zowopsa kwa tizilombo T. cruzi . Mayiyo angayambe kuyezetsa magazi kuti ayang'ane ma antibodies kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zingatsimikizire kapena kutaya ngati mulibe matenda a Chagas kapena ayi . Ngati mayeso anu a magazi ali abwino, dokotala wanu akhoza kuchita zambiri kuti ayese ngati mukugwira ntchito yogwira ntchito kapena ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse. Mayesero enawa angaphatikizepo echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, chifuwa X-ray, X-ray m'mimba, kapena chapamwamba chotchedwa endoscopy.
Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha matenda a Chagas chimaphatikizapo kupha tizilombo T. cruzi ndi kuchiza zizindikiro za mavuto omwe angakhalepo monga mtima wosagwirizana kapena masewera a mtima, komanso kugwira ntchito pofuna kupewa kufa mwadzidzidzi. Akatswiri amavomereza kuti ndikofunikira kuchiza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a Chagas, ndipo mwinamwake ndi matenda a Chagas oyambirira, omwe ali ndi mankhwala oletsa antiparasitic omwe amachitira T. cruzi .
Mankhwala awiri omwe angakhale othandizira T. cruzi amatchedwa benznidazole ndi nifurtimox. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso benznidazole yokha imavomerezedwa kuti tigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Komabe, ngakhalenso palibe ma pharmacies a US, madokotala ambiri a ku America omwe amafunika kuchiza wodwalayo kwa T. cruzi ayenera kupeza mankhwalawa mwachindunji kuchokera ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ngati atengedwa mofulumira, mankhwalawa ndi pafupifupi 100 peresenti yochizira matenda a Chagas.
Umboni ndi wochepa kwambiri wakuti kuchiza anthu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda a Chagas omwe amatha kukhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa bwino zotsatira zake. Komabe, madokotala amapereka mankhwalawa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zopitirira 50 ndipo amakhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a Chagas chifukwa mankhwalawa amachepetsa mavuto omwe matendawa angayambitse, ngakhale kuti sangachiritse.
Kulepheretsa matenda a Chagas sikumakhudzidwa ndi Achimereka, pokhapokha ngati akukhala kapena akupita kumayiko akumidzi ku Latin America. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi nkhawa, njira zotsatirazi zingakhale zopindulitsa:
- Samalirani kusungirako chakudya ndi kumwa
- Sungani malo anu okhala, makamaka m'chipinda chanu, choyera (chomwe chimapita ku malo ogona a pet, nawonso)
- Khalani malo okhala ndi tizilombo towononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
- Onetsetsani kuti mabowo kapena ming'alu m'nyumba mwanu yadzaza
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati mukudwala matenda a Chagas, musadandaule. Nthawi zambiri sizikusowa kuchipatala ndipo ngati mutalandira mankhwala nthawi yomweyo, matendawa akhoza kuchiritsidwa. Ngakhale ngati simukuzindikira kuti muli ndi matendawa ndipo mutha kukhala ndi matenda aakulu, chithandizo chingathandizebe ndipo muli ndi mwayi woposa 70 peresenti yosayambitsa mavuto alionse. Ngati muli ndi vuto, zizindikiro zanu zikhoza kuchepetsedwa, umoyo wanu ukhoza kusintha bwino, ndipo kupulumuka kwanu kungatalike pamene njira zamakono zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
> Zotsatira:
> Matendawo a C. C. Chagas '. The New England Journal of Medicine . July 30, 2015; 373: 456-66. onetsani: 10.1056 / NEJMra1410150.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Matenda a Chagas: Zowonjezera FAQs. Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya Ukhondo ku United States. Idasinthidwa pa December 19, 2017.
> Gali WL, Sarabanda AV, Baggio JM, et al. Opaleshoni Yopanga Mafilimu Achipatala Achichiritso Chotsimikizirika Chokhazikika M'madzi Odwala Arrhythmias Odwala Odwala Chagas 'Matenda a Mtima: Kuyerekezera ndi gulu lolamulira lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi Amiodarone yokha. Europace. May 2014; 16 (5): 674-80. do: 10.1093 / europace / eut422.
> Kirchhoff LV, Rassi A. Chagas Matenda ndi Trypanosomiasis ya ku Africa. Mu: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati , 19th ed. New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2015.
> Chipatala cha Mayo Clinic. Matenda a Chagas. Chipatala cha Mayo. Idasinthidwa pa Oktoba 3, 2017.