Pamene nyumba zimapangitsa anthu kukhala odwala
Mawu oti "matenda odwala matenda" ndi olakwika. Pambuyo pake, si nyumba yomwe ikudwala, koma m'malo mwake ogwira ntchito omwe akudwala chifukwa cha nyumbayo.
Ponena za SBS, pali mafunso ambiri kuposa mayankho. N'zovuta kuyesa SBS mu kuyesa. Choyamba, zotsatira za SBS zimasiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu ndipo zimakhala zovomerezeka.
Chachiwiri, zimakhala zovuta kufotokoza chifukwa cha SBS-kutaya madzi, kuyimika kwa mankhwala, komanso kutenthetsa mpweya wabwino. Chachitatu, palibe njira yothetsera "nyumba". Chachinai, nyumba zokha, mwachilengedwe, malo osayendetsedwa omwe ndi ovuta komanso odula kuti ayesedwe mowirikiza.
Zizindikiro
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mucosal, khungu, ndi kupuma kwafotokozedwa ndi SBS, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- Maso okongola ndi madzi
- Mphuno ya Runny
- Khungu louma ndi lokoma
- Mphuno ya Stuffy
- Matenda a Sinus
- Chizungulire
- Mutu (wosasunthika, wosagwedezeka, wosagonjera, "kupanikizika" kumutu)
- Nausea
- Kutopa
- Mavuto ndi maganizo
- Kukuda
Zizindikiro izi zimakhalapo pamene munthu ali mu chipinda chokhumudwitsa, ndipo atachoka, zizindikiro zambiri ziyenera kuchoka, pokhapokha kuyambiranso kamodzi munthu akabwereranso kumanga. Nyumba zomwe zimalimbikitsa SBS zimaphatikizapo malo ogwira ntchito, sukulu, zipatala, nyumba zothandizira, ndi nyumba.
Ngakhale kuti anthu awiri omwe amapezeka ku nyumba imodzi akhoza kuona zizindikiro zosiyana, kafukufuku wasonyeza njira za chizindikiro pakati pa anthu omwe akuyimira maiko osiyanasiyana.
Zowoneka kuti, nyumba zomwe zimayambitsa SBS zakhala zikuphunzitsidwa ku Sweden. Akatswiri ofufuza a ku Sweden akhala akuganizira za kuwonongeka kwa madzi komanso mpweya wabwino monga mpweya. Kuwonjezera apo, maphunziro a ku Swedish adanenanso za kusamalidwa kunyumba monga chotheka kumathandiza kudwala matenda a zomangamanga.
Nazi zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi SBS:
- Utsi wa sakudu
- Fumbi lapepala
- Fumbi laofesi
- Kuwonetsera kwa makanema a kompyuta
- Makometsedwe a mpweya
- Kutsika kwa mpweya wabwino m'nyumba zowonongeka
- Kusamala pang'ono kwa kuunika ndi kutentha
- Mafunde ofunda (oposa madigiri 73 Fahrenheit)
- Kusamaliridwa kosavuta kwa ntchito yomanga
- Kuwonongeka kwa madzi
- Kutsegula
- Malo osayera
Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti amayi, osuta fodya, komanso omwe ali ndi chifuwa (ie, atopy) amakhala ndi mwayi wochita SBS. Anthu omwe ali ndi maudindo apamwamba pantchito yotsogoleredwa ndi ofesi amakhalanso ndi mwayi wokhala ndi SBS. Zindikirani, anthu omwe ali ndi maudindo ambiri mu ofesi nthawi zambiri amathera nthawi yochuluka akukhala patsogolo pa makompyuta.
Anthu amene akudandaula za SBS nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito m'maofesi omwe amakumana ndi malingaliro amasiku ano, kutentha, mpweya wabwino, ndi kuyatsa. Kwa mbali zambiri, nyumba zowonjezera mpweya wokhala ndi mphamvu zochepetsera kutentha zimasonyezedwa kukhala ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadandaula za SBS.
Ma bungwe a Occupational Health and Safety (OSHA) amavomereza matenda a zomangamanga odwala chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi khalidwe lakumwamba lakumwamba.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ikutanthauzira SBS monga zotsatirazi:
Mawu oti "sick building syndrome" (SBS) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza momwe anthu okhalamo amakhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso zotonthoza zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana ndi nthawi yomwe amachitira mnyumba, koma palibe matenda kapena vuto lina lomwe lingadziwidwe. Madandaulo amatha kukhala malo amodzi kapena malo ena, kapena akhoza kufalikira ponseponse.
Mu 1984, bungwe la WHO linati dziko lonse lapansi mpaka 30 peresenti ya nyumba za nyumba zatsopano ndi zowonongeka zingakhale ndi khalidwe labwino lopanda m'nyanja lomwe limapangitsa SBS. Mavuto ndi khalidwe lakumwamba la mkati lingakhale laling'ono kapena lalitali. Khalidwe losauka la mpweya wamkati limatha kukhala wachiwiri kumalo osamanga nyumba kapena ntchito za anthu ogwira ntchito. Kuonjezerapo, pamene nyumba imagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi kapangidwe koyambirira-mwachitsanzo, chipinda chogulitsira ntchito chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga-ndiye nkhani zingakhale ndi khalidwe lakumwamba.
Chinyezi
Chinyezi chakhala chikudodometsedwa monga chopereka chachikulu kwa SBS. M'nyengo yotentha, mvula yambiri yamkati imagwirizanitsidwa ndi SBS.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu osokoneza bongo m'madera otentha, omwe ndi amchere amathandizananso ndi SBS. Ku Scandinavia, komwe chinyezi chikhoza kuchepera pansi pa 10 peresenti m'nyengo yozizira, pali umboni wina wakuti kugwiritsa ntchito wotsegula kumatha kugwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa SBS. Motero, zikuwoneka kuti m'madera ndi mvula yambiri, anthu amakhala akudandaula pang'ono ndi SBS.
Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti zipangizo zowonetsera mpweya zomwe zili ndi zida zowonongeka zingakhale malo osungira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, malo osungiramo madzi, omwe amatulutsa madzi kuchokera kumlengalenga, amathandizanso kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuwonjezera apo, maofesi a mpweya wozizira amapezeka pamwamba pamwamba pa malo ogwira ntchito kumene kusungirako kuli kovuta-kumathandizira kwambiri kuopsa kwa SBS yachiwiri ku kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Komabe, lingaliro lakuti mabakiteriya kapena bowa angaperekepo kanthu kwa SBS ndizokangana. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti nkhungu ingayambitse matenda opatsirana okha mwa anthu omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a m'thupi. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, nkhungu siidayambitsa matenda.
M'chaka cha 2017 chotchedwa "Mold and Human Health: Chowonadi Chowona," Olemba Borchers ndi olemba anzawo analemba kuti "palibe umboni wa sayansi wakuti kutulukira nkhungu yakuda ku nyumba ndi nyumba kungawononge zizindikiro zosadziwika ndi zozizwitsa za kukumbukira chikumbukiro , kusakhoza kuganizira, kutopa, ndi kupweteka mutu. "
Mufukufuku wina wa 2017, ofufuza a ku Sweden anapeza kuti 40 peresenti ya mabanja osakwatira-okha anali ndi kuwonongeka kwa madzi ku maziko, omwe anali ogwirizana ndi SBS. Komanso, 23 peresenti ya anthu omwe anafunsidwapo anafotokoza zizindikiro za SBS zatsopano.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti akatswiri ofufuza a ku Sweden anapeza kuti nyumba zopanda kutentha zamtengo wapatali-kapena nyumba zomwe zinali zogwira ntchito zamphamvu-zinali ndi anthu ochepa omwe ankadandaula za zizindikiro za SBS. Zowonjezereka, zakhala zikuperekedwa kuti zomangamanga zowonjezera mphamvu zingapangitse umphaŵi wamkati wa mlengalenga.
Kupuma
Akatswiri ambiri amatsutsa SBS pa umoyo wabwino wa mpweya wamkati komanso mpweya wabwino.
Pakati pa 1900 ndi 1950, miyezo ya mpweya ya nyumba yomwe imatchedwa pafupifupi mamita 15 masentimita kunja kwa mpweya ndi mphindi yoperekedwa ku nyumba iliyonse. Mpweya wabwino woterewu unkafunika kuchotsa zofukiza za thupi ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
Pambuyo pa mpweya wa 1973, mphamvu zowononga mphamvu zatengedwa, ndi kupulumutsa pa mphamvu, zokha zokwana masentimita asanu kunja kwa mphindi ndi mphindi kwa nyumba iliyonse yomwe inakhala ikulimbikitsidwa. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kuchepa kwa mpweya wabwino kunali kosayenera komanso kumakhala osasangalatsa. Vutoli linaphatikizidwa ndi ma air-conditioning ndi kutentha, zomwe zinkalephera kufalitsa mpweya wabwino kwa anthu omwe ali mkati mwa nyumba zowonjezera mphamvu.
Zaka zaposachedwapa, akatswiri adalangizanso kuti ma airti apamwamba apatsedwe kwa omanga nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, ogwira ntchito paofesi ayenera kulandira makilomita 20 kuchokera kunja kwa mphindi pa mphindi iliyonse. Kuwonjezera apo, mamita khumi ndi awiri pa mphindi ya mpweya wabwino amawonedwa kuti ndi osachepera pa nyumba zonse, ndi malo ena, monga malo osuta fodya, omwe amafunikira makilomita 60 pamphindi.
Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti mafunde apamwamba a mpweya wabwino akhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zizindikiro za SBS. Zotsatira za kuyesa kufufuza izi, komabe, zasakanizidwa. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino kumachepetsa zizindikiro za SBS pakati pa ogwira ntchito kuntchito, ndipo maphunziro ena asonyeza kuti palibe kusintha.
Vuto lina ndi mayesero ambiri omwe asanakhalepo akuwona zotsatira za kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya pa SBS kufalikira ndikuti maphunzirowa amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi omwe ali kale mu nyumba kuti awonjezere mpweya wabwino. Malo ogulitsira mpweya angadetsedwe kotero zimasokoneza zotsatira.
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa amasonyeza kuti pafupifupi theka la mpweya mu nyumba ayenera kusinthana pa ora kuti achepetse zizindikiro za SBS. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, magetsi amayenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse ndi kuchepetsa kupanikizika kopanda maofesi omwe amachititsa kuti zisawonongeke.
Chithandizo
Matenda osokoneza matenda sakudziwika bwino ngati umboni wokhudzana ndi umboni; Choncho, palibe umboni wowonjezera umboni. Komabe, zimazindikiritsidwa kuti ndizochitika ndi OSHA, EPA, ndi mabungwe ena. Komanso, NHS, kapena kayendedwe kachipatala ku United Kingdom, imapereka malangizo othandiza kuthana ndi matenda odwala.
Nazi malingaliro opangidwa ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi SBS:
- Sungani masitepe ndi kutentha.
- Onetsetsani ukhondo wa nyumbayo.
- Onetsetsani kuti zipangizo zoyera zili zotetezeka ndi kusungidwa bwino.
- Onetsetsani zonse zosokoneza mpweya, zowonongeka, ndi zowonongeka.
- Tsegulani mawindo kuti mutsimikizire mpweya wabwino.
- Tengani kuswa kwazithunzi nthawi zonse.
- Pita panja ndikuyendayenda panthawi yopuma.
- Sungani bwino kuntchito.
Chithandizo chimodzi chodziwikiratu kwa matenda ochiritsa odwala ndi kupewa nyumba yonse yolakwika. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri amafunikira ntchito zawo-ndi mabedi awo-nthawi zambiri njirayi ndi yosadziwika.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngakhale kuti kukhala ndi matenda odwala matenda nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokayikira, anthu okwanira adandaula chifukwa cha zovuta zokhudzana ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimakhala zovuta kunyalanyaza kuti chinachake chikuchitika.
Pakalipano, chifukwa sitikudziwa bwino chomwe chimayambitsa matenda odwala, ndi zovuta kuthetsa vutoli. Akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti mpweya wabwino ndi chifukwa; Choncho, ndibwino kuonetsetsa kuti nyumba zonse zili ndi mpweya wokwanira. Komanso, chinyezi chimakhala ndi gawo, ndipo malo osayenera sayenera kukhala ochepetsedwa kapena ouma kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, ngati mumakhala kumalo ozizira kale, ndi bwino kupeŵa kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso.
Madokotala ambiri amadwala matenda odwala matenda osokoneza bongo. Matenda odwala matenda nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati pseudodiagnosis, ndi zizindikiro zopanda malire komanso palibe zizindikiro zomwe zimakhalapo.
Ngati oposa 20 peresenti ya anthu ogwira ntchito yomanga amakhala ndi zizindikiro za SBS, nyumbayi imatchedwa "nyumba yodwala." Ngati mukuganiza kuti mukugwira ntchito mu chipatala, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi anthu ena kuti muwone ngati ali ndi zizindikiro , nayenso. Kuwonjezera apo, lembani zovuta zanu (mwachitsanzo, tengani zithunzi za kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi malo osayera) ndi kuyang'anira njira. Chifukwa chakuti nyumba zowononga nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi code, otsogolera angatsutse izi. Pazochitikazi, zingakhale bwino kugwirizana ndi OSHA kapena EPA kuti mupange kufufuza kwapamwamba.
Kuwonjezera pa kuitana chidwi pa vutoli, ndibwino kuti muteteze mukamagwira ntchito yomanga nyumba. Kuti muchepetse zizindikiro, muyenera kuyesa kupeza mpweya wambiri ndikuyesetsa kukhala ndi malo abwino komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yowonekera, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi SBS. Chifukwa pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matenda a chifuwa chachikulu ndi odwala, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti mupange msonkhano kuti muwone munthu wotsutsa kuti apitirize kuyesa.
> Zotsatira:
> Otsala, AT, Chang, C, Gershwin, EM. Nkhungu ndi Umoyo waumunthu: Zoona Zenizeni. Kliniki Rev Allerg Immunol. 2017; 52: 305-322.
> Burge, PS. Sick Building Syndrome. Ntchito zamankhwala ndi zapansi. 2004; 61: 185-190.
> EPA. Mfundo Zowonongeka Kwambiri M'dziko Loyamba (4). www. epa.gov.
> Zosankha za NHS. Sick Building Syndrome. www.nhs.uk.
> Smedje, G, et al. Zizindikiro za SBS zokhudzana ndi dampine komanso mpweya wabwino m'mabanja omwe amapezeka limodzi limodzi ku Sweden. Zakale za M'mayiko Ogwira Ntchito ndi Odwala. June 17, 2017.