Zomwe Masewu Osavuta Angakuuzeni Pankhani ya Thanzi Lanu
Karyotype ndi, ndithudi, chithunzi cha ma chromosomes omwe ali mkati mwa selo limodzi. Chromosomes ndizopangidwira mkatikati mwa maselo omwe amapangidwa ndi mapuloteni komanso molekyu imodzi ya deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA ili ndi malangizo omwe amachititsa mtundu uliwonse wa zamoyo kukhala wapadera, malinga ndi National Human Genome Research Institute.
Dokotala nthawi zambiri amalamula karyotype kuti azindikire ngati matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha vuto lina lachibadwa. Ndiyeso yopweteka, yophatikizapo pang'ono kuposa singano ya singano kuti upeze zitsanzo za minofu, koma ikhoza kunena zambiri zokhudza thanzi la munthu. Tawonani mwachidule momwe karyotyping yapangidwira ndi zomwe zingavumbulutse.
Mmene Karyotypes Zimapangidwira
Karyotype ikhoza kulengedwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya minofu. Kawirikawiri, mankhwala amagazi ndiwo onse osowa, koma ngati pali vuto kuti mwana wakhanda amene ali ndi vuto lachilendo, amniotic madzi amatha kukopa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuika singano m'mimba ya mimba-njira yomwe ili yabwino komanso yopweteka.
Pambuyo pa nyemba zowonongeka, zidzafufuzidwa mu labotale ndi katswiri wotchedwa cytogeneticist yemwe adzalekanitse maselo, kuwala iwo kuti athe okwanira, ndiyeno amasula ma chromosome kuchokera ku maselo.
Panthawiyi, ma chromosome adzasokonezedwa, kufufuzidwa, kuwerengedwa, ndiyeno adzasankhidwa.
Cytogeneticist idzawonekeranso momwe chromosome ikuyendera kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe chosowa kapena kuwonjezeredwa kwa chibadwa. Ntchitoyi ikadzatha, zofukufukuzo zalembedwa ndipo zotsatira zowonjezera zidadutsa kwa dokotala yemwe adalamula karyotype, makamaka masiku atatu kapena asanu ndi awiri.
Zimatengera nthawi yayitali kupanga karyotype yachitsulo chokwatira, komabe kulikonse kuyambira masiku 10 mpaka 14.
Chithunzi cha Thanzi
Chinthu choyamba karyotype ikuwonekera ndi chiwerengero cha ma chromosomes munthu ali: Mu chitsanzo choyenera, pali mapaundi 23 a ma chromosomes 46. Karyotype imatsimikiziranso za chikhalidwe: Zigulu ziwiri za X zikutanthauza akazi; X ndi Y chromosome zikutanthauza mwamuna.
Pambuyo pazidziwitso zoyambirira, cytogeneticist angagwiritse ntchito karyotype kuti azindikire matenda alionse kapena chikhalidwe chimene chimayambitsa kukhala ndi ma chromosome owonjezera kapena osowa. Mwachitsanzo, matenda otchedwa Down syndrome amatha pamene pali chithandizo chokwanira chachromosome 21 kapena chochepa, malinga ndi National Down Syndrome Society. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, nthawi zina matenda a Down syndrome amatchedwa trisomy 21.
Zinthu zina zomwe zingapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito karyotyping ndi:
- Matenda a Edward (trisomy 18)
- Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
- Matenda a Turner (chimodzi X)
- Matenda a Klinefelter (XXY)
- Matenda a XYY
- Matenda a X X (XXX)
Karyotype imathandizanso kuti anthu asokoneze ma chromosome omwe amachititsa zinthu monga Cri-du-Chat syndrome (chromosome 5) kapena syndrome ya Williams (chromosome 7), kuphatikizapo kusintha kumene gawo limodzi la chromosome likupezeka kapena amasintha ndi mbali ina ya chromosome yosiyana.
Kuchokera pa 2 peresenti kufika pa 3 peresenti ya matenda a Down syndrome amayamba ndi translocation pa chromosome 21, mwachitsanzo.
Zotheka kuti karyotype iwonetsetse vuto lalikulu la chibadwa mwa inu kapena mwana wosabadwa lingapangitse lingaliro lokhala ndi lowopsya, koma kumbukirani kuti mukamadziwa zambiri zokhudza thanzi labwino, mudzatha kulimbana nalo .
> Zotsatira:
> Medline Plus. "Karyotyping."
> National Down Syndrome Society. "Kodi Matenda Aakulu N'chiyani?"
> National Institute of Research Institute. "Chromosomes." June 16, 2015.