Zofunika kwa Otsatira OSHA
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ili ndi zofunika zina zokhudza thandizo loyamba ndi kukonzekera CPR kuntchito. Zotsatira zina za OSHA zikufuna mtundu wina wa mafakitale kupereka chithandizo choyamba ndi CPR kwa antchito. Makampani omwe amadziwika ndi OSHA ndi awa:
- 1910.146 Malo Ovomerezeka Oletsedwa
- 1910.266 Zowonjezera B: Ntchito Zogwirira Ntchito - Thandizo Loyamba ndi Maphunziro a CPR
- 1910.269 Magetsi amphamvu, Kutumiza, ndi Kugawa
- 1910.410 Ziyeneretso za Gulu la Anthu Otsatira
- 1926,950 Kagawuni Yomanga V, Power Transmission, ndi Distribution
Kuwonjezera pa mafakitale enawa, OSHA chikhalidwe cha 1910.151 chikuti, "Bwana ayenera kuonetsetsa kupezeka kwapadera kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala popempha uphungu ndi kukambirana pa nkhani za thanzi labwino." Kugwirizana ndi "kupezeka kwapadera kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala" kungatanthauzenso kupereka maphunziro kwa antchito kuti akhale ndi chithandizo chamankhwala pa malo.
Gawo (b) la lamulo lomwelo likuti, "Popanda kukhala ndi matenda, chipatala, kapena chipatala pafupi ndi malo ogwira ntchito omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza antchito onse ovulala, munthu kapena anthu adzaphunzitsidwa bwino kuti apereke choyamba thandizo. " Kuwonjezera apo, OSHA yamasulira kuti "pafupi kuyandikira" kutanthauza mphindi 4-6 kuvulazidwa kuchipatala "Kumalo kumene ngozi zowonongeka, kutaya magazi kwambiri, kapena kuopsa kwa moyo kapena kuvulaza kosatha kapena matenda angayembekezere." Ngati kuvulazidwa kotere sikuli kawirikawiri, ndiye OSHA amaona kuti ndizomveka kukhala ndi nthawi yotsatila pokhapokha mphindi khumi ndi zisanu.
Kugwirizana ndi zofunikira za maphunziro a OSHA zowonjezera 1910.151 zikuphatikizapo CPR zokha, monga momwe ndondomekoyi ikuyendera, pamene miyezo yomwe ili pamwambayi ikunena kuti CPR iyenera kuphatikizidwa.
Kodi Zimakhudza Bwanji Malo Anu?
Ngati malo ogwira ntchito akukumana ndi mafakitale omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, ndiye kuti muyenera kupereka maphunziro othandizira oyamba ndi CPR kwa ogwira ntchito mmodzi omwe angayankhe nthawi zonse.
Ngati malo ogwira ntchito ali mu makampani ena, kutsatira malamulo a OSHA kumatanthauza kuti muyang'ane mwayi wovulaza malonda anu. Dipatimenti ya Ntchito, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) webusaitiyi imapereka chiwerengero chovulaza kwa mafakitale angapo. Fufuzani malonda anu mu 2004 Summary Report (zomwe zilipo posachedwapa).
Kumbukirani kuti mafakitale omwe amavulazidwa kwambiri ayenera kukhala ndi chithandizo kwachipatala kwa mphindi zinayi kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi. Popeza ntchito zachipatala zosayembekezereka zimagwiritsa ntchito miyeso eyiti yokhala ndi mphindi zisanu ndi zitatu zotsatila kumadera akumidzi, ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale ovulala kwambiri ayenera kupereka maphunziro othandizira oyamba ntchito. Maulendo a m'mabulansi akumidzi amakhala aakulu kwambiri. Otsatira a OSHA m'maderawa - ngakhale zochitika zochepa zovulazidwa - zikutanthauza kuti adzafunika kupereka maphunziro othandizira oyamba (ndipo mwina angapange munthu wothandiza). Lumikizanani ndi wothandizira zachipatala mwamsanga kuti mudziwe nthawi yowonjezera yowonjezera mafoni 911 m'dera lanu.
Zovuta zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito za OSHA zikuyenera kukuthandizani kupereka chithandizo choyamba ndi CPR kuntchito. Maphunziro ayenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse; OSHA ikuwonetseratu kukonzanso maphunziro omwe akuopseza moyo wawo wonse (CPR) chaka chilichonse ndikukonzanso maphunziro omwe sali oopsya (chithandizo choyamba) nthawi ndi nthawi.
OSHA wagwirizana ndi American Red Cross (ARC) kuti adziwe zoyenera kuchita . ARC ikuyamikira kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro othandizira othandizira oyamba zaka zitatu ndikusintha CPR chaka chilichonse.
Makandulo Othandizira Oyamba
Kupereka chithandizo choyamba ndi kuphunzitsa CPR ndi njira imodzi yokha yopangira pulogalamu yoyamba kuntchito kwanu. Olemba ntchito akufunikanso kupereka zipangizo ndi zofunika zofunika kuti athandize chithandizo choyamba. Ngati anthu ena ogwira ntchito anu adasankhidwa kuti adzalandire chithandizo chamankhwala, ndiye kuti bwanayo akuyenera kupanga njira yothandizira kuwonetsa magazi.
OSHA chikhalidwe cha 1910.151 (b) chimanenanso kuti abwana ayenera kukhala ndi "zothandizira zowonjezera zoyamba ... zopezeka mosavuta," ngakhale kuti thandizo loyamba lachithandizo choyamba silingatchulidwe.
OSHA alibe zofunika zochepa, koma zizindikiro za ANSI Z308.1-2003 Zomwe zili zofunika pa kagawuni ka ntchito koyamba . Zosatchulidwazo zikulingalira kuti zikhale zochepa pa malo ogwirira ntchito yothandizira yoyamba . Malinga ndi zomwe zingakuvulazeni, chikwama chokwanira kwambiri chingakhale chofunikira. Malangizo a OSHA samaphatikizapo ndondomeko ya kunja ya defibrillator (AED), koma zowonongeka zowonongeka kwa mtima kuchokera ku American Heart Association zimalimbikitsa AED m'malo ambiri.
Ndondomeko Yowonongeka
Ogwira ntchito omwe amayenera kulumikizana ndi magazi kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingathe kutenga matenda (ziwalo za thupi ndi madzi) ayenera kutetezedwa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Olemba ntchito amafunika kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yoyendetsera polojekiti kuti ateteze antchito ndikuyankhidwa mwangozi.
Wina m'bungwe ayenera kusankhidwa ngati woyang'anira matenda opatsirana. Malamulo a OSHA akuphatikizapo ndondomeko yowonongeka yomwe ingasinthidwe ku bungwe lirilonse. Wogwira ntchito aliyense yemwe amayendetsa magazi kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingawathandize kutenga matendawa ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito Zitetezo za Universal , zomwe zikuphatikizapo:
- Kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zotchinga monga magolojekiti oyeza zamagetsi, masikiti, chitetezo cha maso , ndi mikanjo pamene mukugwirizana ndi magazi kapena madzi amadzimadzi.
- Kusamba m'manja mutatha kukhudzana ndi magazi kapena madzi amadzimadzi, ngakhale magwiritsidwe ntchito. Manja ayenera kutsukidwa pamene magolovesi achotsedwa.
- Kusamala kuteteza kuvulala kuchokera ku nsalu, kuphatikizapo singano ndi zozizira. Ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zozunzikapo siziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso. Zinthu zilizonse zowonongeka ndi magazi zimatengedwa kuti "zowonongeka" kuti zikhale zotetezedwa padziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wogwira ntchito akudzicheka pa galasi losweka, galasi imalingaliridwa kuti ikhoza kupatsirana.
Pali zigawo zina zingapo zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Zinthu zowonongeka ndi magazi kapena zamadzimadzi a thupi zimayenera kutayidwa m'mitsuko yoyenera yotchedwa zinyalala zoopsa. Kuwombera makamaka kumayenera kutayidwa muzitsulo zosagwedezeka zomwe zimatchulidwa momveka bwino ngati zinyalala zowonongeka.