Mawu ogwiritsira ntchito opaleshoni ndi mawonekedwe ofufuza a "surface-active agent", omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti mitsuko ya mafuta ndi madzi ikhale yogwirizanitsa pang'onopang'ono pakati pa mafuta ndi madzi. Chifukwa madzi ndi mafuta samasungunuka wina ndi mnzake, wogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kusakaniza kuti asalekanitse ku zigawo.
Osachita masewera olimbitsa thupi amapereka chimodzi kapena chimodzi mwa ntchito zisanu ndi chimodzi zosiyana:
- Zizindikiro za kuyeretsa
- Otsitsa otentha mu perms
- Othira thovu chifukwa cha shampoo
- Emulsifiers mu creams ndi lotions
- Ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opangira khungu ndi tsitsi
- Kukonzekera kwa zonunkhira ndi zokoma
Mitundu
Detergent: Oyeretsa opangira mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo sopo ndi zotsekemera zomwe zimayikidwa pa khungu kapena tsitsi la kuyeretsa. Maofesiwa amagwiritsa ntchito mafutawa kwa osakaniza. Ndiye, pamene opaleshoniyo amatsukidwa pamene akugwira mafuta, mafutawo amatsukidwa ndi madzi.
Zowonongeka: Zambiri zopangidwa monga zotsukira kapena shampoo zimapezeka kawirikawiri ndi mawonekedwe a madzi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ogula kawirikawiri amakonda kupanga chithovu, ngakhale kuti chithovu sichinthu chokwanira ndi kuyeretsa. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha kutsuka kwa nkhope kumaphatikizidwe ndi Ichiaphil Oil-Control Foaming Face Wash.
Wogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoniyo wothandizira mankhwalawa amalola kuti mankhwalawo akhalebe ngati chithovu kusiyana ndi kubwerera m'madzi. Mankhwala ena opatsirana monga topical steroids (mwachitsanzo, mphutsi yotchedwa Olux) kapena minoxidil amapepala amapezekanso pamapangidwe otupa. Nthawi zina mapuloteniwa amawakonda ndi odwala pakamwa mankhwala.
Emulsifiers: Emulsions ndi zosakaniza za mafuta ndi madzi omwe ali osasunthika ndipo samasiyanitsa ndi mafuta ndi madzi. Wogwira ntchitoyi amalola kuti emulsion ikhale ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri. Zitsanzo za emulsions ndi zowonjezera zokometsetsa ndi zokonda . Nthawi zambiri ogulitsa amakonda kusungunuka kuti azikhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mafuta ndi madzi kapena mafuta okhawo. Pakagwiritsidwe ntchito khungu, mafuta "amaperekedwa" pakhungu.
Ogwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe: Omwe amapanga mawotchi amawaphatikizapo "kuchoka" mankhwala othandizira khungu ndi tsitsi monga tsitsi . Pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito chovala cha tsitsi, mankhwalawa amakhalabe pamutu, ndipo amachititsa kuti thupi likhale losalala chifukwa cha lipope (mafuta) gawo la molekyulu.
Zosintha: Zopangapanga zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zowonjezera poyesa kuyesa pang'ono pang'ono mafuta mu madzi ambiri. Chitsanzo cha zinthu zimaphatikizapo ziphuphu, zonunkhira, ndi toners za khungu .
Zojambula Zamakono za Surfactant
Popeza opanga mavitamini akuthandizira kusakaniza mafuta ndi madzi, iwo ali ndi hydrophilic ("okonda madzi") ndi lipophilic ("chikondi cha mafuta"). Kukhala ndi magulu awiriwa kumapangitsa wopanga mankhwalawa kukhala wophiphiritsira. Gulu la hydrophilic limalola kuti opaleshoniyo ayambe kusungunuka m'madzi pamene gulu la hydrophobic limalola kuti opaleshoniyo asungunuke mafuta.
> Zotsatira:
> Friesbach U, Erasmy J. "Zopangapanga ndi Njira Zosavuta Zopangira Zodzoladzola Zachilengedwe ndi Zam'thupi." SOFW-Journal . 138: 2012.
> Rieger M, Rhein LD. Osachita Zopangira Zodzoladzola . Kusindikiza Kachiwiri. CRC Press. 1997.
> Romanowski, Perry. "Zokongoletsera Zokongoletsera - Chiyambi cha Zodzoladzola Zamadzimadzi." Chemist Corner.