Kulankhulana bwino kwa dokotala (kapena dokotala wa mano kapena chipatala) n'kofunika. Podziwa izi, olemba a American Disabled Act Act (ADA) ankaphatikizapo chinenero chokha chokhudza mauthenga a mauthenga a anthu ogontha komanso ovuta kumva. Ngakhale zili choncho, pakhala pali zochitika zambiri zolephera (kapena kukana mwakachetechete) za madokotala kuti apereke omasulira chinenero chamanja.
Nkhaniyi yandigwira ine ndekha. Chifukwa cha kulankhulana kosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndinatsala pang'ono kutaya dzino loti ndilowetse chifukwa dokotala wanga sanalankhulane bwino. Ndinkakhala pa mpando wa opaleshoni wamakono pamene adayang'anitsitsa ma x-rays, otchedwa ofesi ya madokotala, ndipo ndinatsimikizira kuti sindinasowe dzino lochotsedwera.
Mutu III wa ADA
Mutu III wa ADA umaphatikizapo kupeza malo a malo okhala. Wotsalira Wachigawo III - Malo Okhala Padziko Lonse Ndi Ntchito Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito ndi Makampani Omwe Akhaokha, Gawo 12181, Mafotokozedwe, akunena kuti zitsanzo zotsatirazi zazipinda zapadera zimaganiziridwa kukhala malo onse:
(F) chotsuka zovala, zowonongeka, mabanki, malo ogulitsira nsalu, malo ogulitsira, maulendo, maulendo, kukonza nsapato, malo a maliro, malo ogulitsira mafuta, ofesi ya a comptant kapena a lawyer, pharmacy, ofesi ya inshuwalansi, , chipatala , kapena malo ena othandizira;
Kuwonjezera apo, kutanthauzira kwa Dongosolo la Chilungamo cha Title III kumati:
Malo a malo okhala anthu ali ndi ... maofesi a madokotala, zipatala , ...
Kutanthauzira komweko kumatanthauza kuti malo ogwira anthu onse ayenera "Kugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira zothandizira pakakhala kofunikira kuti kuyankhulana bwinoko pokhapokha mutakhala ndi katundu wolemetsa kapena kusintha kwakukulu." (Kusintha kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti zidzakhudza kwambiri bizinesi.
Mwachitsanzo, dokotala sakanatha kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala).
Kodi Ndikutanthauzira Liti Munthu Wofunika?
"Zothandizira othandizira" monga momwe ADA imatanthawuzira " omasulira oyenerera kapena njira zina zopangira zipangizo zokhazikitsira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakumvetsera." Njira zina zimatanthawuzira njira monga kulembera papepala kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zolankhulana. Ndiye kodi womasulira ali kofunika liti? Funso limeneli liyankhidwa bwino ndi Dipatimenti Yachilungamo ADA Technical Assistance Manual.
Buku la ADA Technical Assistance Manual, limayankha funso lakuti "Ndani amasankha mtundu wa chithandizo chothandizira?" pofotokoza kuti malo okhalamo anthu, monga ofesi ya dokotala, amapanga "chisankho chachikulu" pa njira yomwe angagwiritsire ntchito, malinga ngati njira yomwe yasankhidwa imathandizira kulankhulana bwino . Pangakhale kusagwirizana pa zomwe zimalankhula bwino. The Technical Assistance Manual akuti:
Dokotala ayenera kupatsidwa mpata wothandizira wodwalayo ndikudziyesa yekhayekha thandizo lothandizira, ngati kulipo, kofunikira kuti athe kuyankhulana bwino. Ngati wodwalayo akukhulupirira kuti chisankho cha dokotala sichitha kuyankhulana bwino, ndiye kuti wodwala angatsutse chisankho chimenecho pamutu wachitatu poyambitsa milandu kapena kudandaula ndi Dipatimenti Yachilungamo ...
Buku Lophunzitsa Bukuli liri ndi zitsanzo zenizeni za womasulira ndi zofunika pamene wosanthauzira sakufunika. Kuonjezera kwa 1994 ku Buku Lophunzitsira Luso limatchula zitsanzo ziwiri. Mu chitsanzo choyamba, munthu wogontha amapita kwa dokotala kuti akachite kafukufuku; zolemba ndi manja zimatengedwa kuti ndi zoyenera. Mu chitsanzo chachiwiri, munthu wogontha yemweyu wangobadwa kumene ndipo amafunika kufufuza bwinobwino; womasulira akuwoneka kuti ndi kofunikira chifukwa kuyankhulana kuli kozama kwambiri.
Kupeza Madokotala, Amuna Opaleshoni, Madokotala Kuti Azimvera
Cholepheretsa chopezera omasulira ndi "katundu wolemetsa".
Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, National Association of Ogontha (NAD) ili ndi pepala lakuphatikizira pa Intaneti yomwe imauza anthu osamva kuti adziwe odwala chithandizo pasanapite nthawi, kuti apeze womasulira. Kuonjezera apo, likunena kuti wothandizira zaumoyo ayenera kulipira womasulirayo ngakhale mtengo wa womasulira uli wapamwamba kuposa mtengo wa ulendo. Pansi pa pepalali, pali zokhudzana ndi milandu ya NAD Law and Advocacy Center yomwe yakhala ikulowetsamo. Zowonjezera, ndondomeko yowonjezera ya NAD, Mafunso ndi Mayankho a Othandizira Zaumoyo, ali ndi mfundo zina zofunika monga mtengo wa womasulira kwa dokotala ukhoza kubvizidwa ndi ngongole ya msonkho.
Milandu Yomasulira Okhala Pamodzi
Dipatimenti Yachilungamo ili ndi ndondomeko ya ADA Mediation, pamene maphwando akukambirana njira yothetsera vutoli. Izi zikutanthauzira zitsanzo za milandu yolumikizana ndi omasulira pazipatala anapatsidwa pa tsamba la ADA Mediation Program:
- Dokotala yemwe anakana kulipira womasulira adavomereza kukonza omasulira.
- Dokotala wina anavomera kulipira omasulira ndikukhala ndi mndandanda wa omasulira oyenerera kuti awone.
ADA Milandu Yophatikiza Omasulira
Dipatimenti Yachilungamo imasindikiza mauthenga a pa intaneti, News Disability Rights nkhani, zomwe zili ndi zitsanzo za madokotala, madokotala a mano, ndi zipatala. M'munsimu muli zitsanzo zofupikitsidwa zopezeka. M'madera ena a chipatala, ogontha ogontha kapena akumva anali m'chipinda chodzidzimutsa pamene ankafuna koma sanapeze omasulira, ndipo / kapena analibe omasulira m'chipatala chawo chonse.
Odwala omwe samamva nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo popanda kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika, kapena achibale awo anakakamizika kuchita maudindo osayenera monga otanthauzira ad-hoc.
- August 2007: Chipatala cha Rhode Island chinakhazikitsidwa ndipo chikuvomereza kupereka omasulira.
- June 2007: Chipatala cha Virginia chimakhazikika ndikuvomereza kupereka omasulira kwa anthu osamva omwe amamva odwala.
- December 2006: Chipatala cha Louisiana chinakhazikika ndipo chikuvomereza kupereka omasulira kwa odwala osamva.
- October 2006: Chipatala china ku Florida chinakhazikika ndipo chinagwirizana kupereka operekera.
- August 2006: Chipatala china ku Maryland chomwe chinali kale kugwiritsa ntchito mavidiyo kumasulira, chinagwirizana kuti chitha kumasulira mavidiyo ogwira mtima kwambiri.
- June 2006: Milandu 8:
- Ofesi ya mano a ku Indiana inavomereza kupereka omasulira pofuna njira zovuta.
- Dokotala wina wa ku Minnesota adavomereza kupereka omasulira.
- Dokotala wina wa Georgia adavomereza kupereka omasulira.
- Dokotala wina wa kumidzi ya Nevada anavomera kupereka omasulira.
- Dokotala wa Florida adavomereza kupereka otanthauzira.
- Dokotala wina waku Michigan anavomera kuti apereke omasulira mmalo mopempha wogontha wogontha kuti agwiritse ntchito mamembala ake.
- Dokotala wamankhwala wa Nevada anavomera kupereka chithandizo chabwino.
- Katswiri wa zamankhwala ku Illinois adavomereza kupereka omasulira.
- February 2006: Chipatala cha Delaware chinavomereza kupereka omasulira. Wodwalayo analibe womasulira mu chipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala.
- September 2005: Chipatala cha Washington, DC chinavomereza kupereka womasulira kapena kulankhulana kwabwino.
- December 2004: Milandu itatu:
- Chipatala china cha Maryland chinapereka kupereka omasulira.
- Ku Tennessee, madokotala atatu adavomereza kupereka otanthauzira kwa ogontha ogontha omwewo.
- Dokotala wamazinyo a Iowa anavomera kupereka otanthauzira.
Zopezeka (kufika pa 11/21/07):
ADA Chithandizo Chothandizira Patsikuli 1994 Supplement, http://www.ada.gov/taman3up.html
ADA Mutu III Buku Lopereka Maluso, http://www.ada.gov/taman3.html
Malamulo a American Disabled Act ya 1990, http://www.ada.gov/pubs/ada.htm
Dipatimenti Yachilungamo ADA Mediation Program, http://www.ada.gov/mediate.htm
Nkhani Za Olemala pa Intaneti, http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/disabilitynews.htm
Madokotala - National Association of the Deaf, http://www.nad.org/doctors
Mutu III Zofunikira, http://www.ada.gov/t3hilght.htm