Chiyambi cha nkhani ya mankhwala ochiritsira kwambiri.
Pokhudzana ndi zokondweretsa, jekeseni wa Botox kapena botulinum poizoni ndiyo njira yodzikongoletsera yomwe imachitika lero. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons akuganiza kuti mu 2014 pafupifupi anthu asanu ndi awiri miliyoni adalandira majekeseni a poizoni. Kuyika chiwerengero chimenecho kukhala bwino bwino, asanu ndi awiri miliyoni pafupifupi pafupifupi a Arizona.
Anthu ambiri amagwirizana ndi jekeseni wa mankhwala a botulinum ndi mankhwala a makwinya; Komabe, wodabwitsa kwambiri uyu ndi wodalirika kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo kupweteka kwa maso, maso a maso (ie, blepharospasm), mgwirizano wa khosi (ie, cervical dystonia), migraines, ndi chikhodzodzo chopitirira muyeso . Botox imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda opweteka kwambiri (ie hyperhidrosis).
Nkhani ya momwe tinayambira jekeseni wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi lathu kuti tipewe makwinya ndi yosangalatsa komanso yosasangalatsa.
Kodi Botox N'chiyani?
Botox kapena botulinum poizoni amapangidwa ndi bakiteriya Clostridium botulinum. Kumtchire, matenda a Clostridium botulinum amachititsa botulism, matenda osachiritsika koma olemala. Botulism imayamba mwa kufooketsa minofu ya nkhope, pakamwa, ndi mmero, musanafike kufalikira ku thupi lonse. Pamene botulism imachepetsa minofu yogwiritsidwa ntchito popuma, imfa imatha.
Zindikirani, mu May 2017, kuphulika kwa botulism ku California kunabwerera ku msuzi wa tchizi wogulitsidwa pa gasitesi. Zotsatira zake, anthu 10 adalandiridwa ndipo munthu mmodzi adamwalira.
Ngakhale Clostridium botulinum imabwera m'mitima ingapo-ma serotypes A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, ndi G okhawo omwe amatchedwa serotypes A ndi B amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chithandizo chamankhwala.
Pambuyo pa jekeseni mu minofu, poizoni ya botulinum imatulutsa mitsempha ya mitsempha ndipo imamangiriza motero kuteteza kutulutsa acetylcholine, neurotransmitter. Popanda acetylcholine, zochitika za minofu zimasiya. Izi, kapena malo enieni, ziwalo ndizo zomwe zimapangitsa makwinya ndi kuyima. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, Botox imagwira ntchito mwa "kufooketsa" makwinya kutali.
Kuwonjezera pa kusokoneza kutulutsidwa kwa acetylcholine, poizoni amathanso kusokoneza ululu ndi omvera omwe amawakhudza kuphatikizapo mankhwala P ndi glutamine, chifukwa chake poizoni amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mutu wa migraine.
Zotsatira zoipa pambuyo pochizira ndi botulinum poizoni zimaphatikizapo kuvulaza, kutupa, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka komanso kufooka kwa minofu zomwe zingakhudze minofu yomwe ili pafupi ndi minofu imene inayambika.
Asanayambe jekeseni ndi botulinum poizoni, ntchito ya antiticoagulants iyenera kuthetsedwa kwa masabata awiri kuti kuchepetsa kuvulaza. Ululu pa malo opangira jekeseni ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi singano yaing'ono-kupiritsira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumutu kapena kugwiritsira ntchito malo amodzi asanayambe jekeseni. Komanso, mankhwala opatsirana ndi poizoni ayenera kuyamba pa mlingo wapang'ono ndipo pang'onopang'ono akuwonjezeka.
Zotsatira za poizoni ya botulinum imatha nthawi.
Makamaka pambuyo poyambirira mankhwala osasamala, mitsempha imatha kuphuka kapena kubwezeretsanso ndipo ntchito imabwezeretsedwanso patatha masiku 120. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, atatha kusintha mapeto a mitsempha, Botox imagwira ntchito pafupifupi masiku 120 kuti mitsempha isinthe. Ntchito yobwezeretsa imeneyi ya kumapeto kwa mitsempha imalongosola chifukwa chake nthawi zina anthu amatenga chithandizo chamankhwala m'malo omwewo.
Palibe mankhwala a botulinum, omwe ali ndi maulendo angapo pamsika, kuphatikizapo Botox ndi Dysport. Mapangidwe awa samasinthasintha ndipo amaikidwa mosiyana. Kutembenuza kwapadera kotere kwa poizoni ya botulinum kumasiyana ndi maselo olemera, osakaniza mankhwala (ie, mankhwala osokoneza bongo), ndi mapuloteni ovuta.
Chiyambi cha Botox
Clostridium botulinum anapeza koyamba mwasayansi wina wa ku Belgium wotchedwa Emile Pierre van Ermengem pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa botulism ku Belgium. Pofika m'ma 1920, asayansi ku yunivesite ya California, San Francisco, anayamba kuyesa kuchotsa poizoni. Komabe, zinatenga zaka 20 isanafike kuti mankhwala a poizoni ayambe kusungidwa mu mawonekedwe a crystalline ndi Dr. Edward Schantz.
M'zaka za m'ma 1970, asayansi anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito poizoni ya botulinum kuti athetse matendawa (ie, anawoloka). Poyesera mankhwalawa pa abulu, ofufuza adawona kuti poizoni amachepetsa makwinya mu glabella. The glabella ndi khungu pakati pa nsidze pamwamba pa mphuno.
Pambuyo pa poizoni ya botulinum idapambana pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo, Allergan analamula chithandizocho ndikuchicha Botox. Pambuyo pake, Botox inalandira mgwirizano wa FDA kwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi ndi zodzoladzola.
Nazi madera a mavotolo osiyanasiyana a FDA a botulinum poizoni:
- Strabismus ndi blepharospasm mu 1989
- Cervical dystonia mu 2000
- Mzere wa Glabellar mu 2002
- Axillary hyperhidrosis (thukuta kwambiri) mu 2004
- Kuchepetsa matenda a migraines ndi amphuno apamwamba mu 2010
- Kusuta kwaubongo mu 2011
- Mapazi a Mnyumba (mizere yowonongeka) mu 2013
Chonde dziwani kuti ngakhale madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito poizoni ya botulinum kuti awononge mitundu yambiri ya maonekedwe a nkhope, mankhwala ambiri awa achotsedwa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chachipatala kuti awonetse makwinya a nkhope ndi Botox.
M'makalata a mankhwala, poizoni wa botulinum mwina ndiwotchuka kwambiri chifukwa inali jekeseni yoyamba ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda. Jekeseni wa mabakiteriya m'thupi la munthu umaimira chinthu chatsopano. Chaka chilichonse, ochita kafukufuku amapanga maumboni ambiri a wothandizilawa ndikupeza zowonjezera.
Mawu Ochokera
Botox ndi wothandizila wodalirika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira mtundu uliwonse wa makwinya. Kwenikweni, kugwiritsira ntchito Botox kuli kosavuta, kopanda zotsatira zochepa. Ngati mukufuna kulandira mankhwala a Botox, chonde lankhulani ndi dermatologist wanu.
Zotsatira
Camargo, CP, et al. Mphuno ya botulinum ya makwinya a nkhope (Protocol). Library ya Cochrane. 2014.
Dorizas, A, Krueger, N, Sadick, NS. Zochita Zokwanira za Botulinum Toxin. Dermatologic Clinics. 2014; 32 (1): 23-36.