Ngati mutenga mankhwala otchedwa sterotic Synthroid, mungamve za milandu yokhudza chigamu chomwe chinaperekedwa kwa katswiri wa mankhwala a Knoll Pharmaceuticals, ndi kampani ya makolo BASF, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Mlandu umenewo wathazikitsidwa, koma ndizofunikira kudziwa za izo, monga gawo la mbiri ya mankhwala otchuka a levothyroxine omwe amagulitsidwa pamwamba kwambiri.
Mbiri Yakale
M'zaka za m'ma 1990, Synthroid inapangidwa ndi Knoll Pharmaceuticals. Synthroid inali ndi 85 peresenti ya msika wa levothyroxine pofika mu 1997. Synthroid inali yotsika mtengo kwambiri pamwamba pa omenyana nawo, ndipo ogulitsa ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zofalitsa zamalonda ananena kuti mtengo wapamwamba unali woyenera chifukwa mankhwalawa anali abwino kuposa omenyana nawo. Kampaniyo inatsimikizira kuti izi ndifukufuku ndipo zinaitanitsa phunziro kuti asonyeze kuti Synthroid inalidi bwino kwambiri kuposa mankhwala ena ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa levothyroxine.
Phunzirolo, lochitidwa ndi Betty Dong, MD, linapeza kuti Synthroid inali yofanana, koma osati yopambana, kupikisana ndi mankhwala a levothyroxine. Panthawi imeneyo, Knoll anabweretsa phunzirolo ndikuletsa kusindikiza zotsatira muzolemba zamankhwala. Potsutsa zomwe Knoll, Dr. Dong pomaliza pake adaphunzira.
Pambuyo pofufuza za Dokotala Dong, mapikidwe a kalasi anagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ogulitsa omwe amakhulupirira kuti asochera kulipira Synthroid.
Ntchito ya kalasiyo inathetsedwa mu 2000, ndipo malipiro omaliza kwa ogula anapangidwa mu 2003. (Zindikirani: Ogulitsa omwe sanapereke nthawi imeneyo sangathe kupeza ndalama.)
Malamulo a Milandu
Mlanduwu unachokera kufukufuku, womwe unayamba mu 1996, akuti Knoll Pharmaceuticals ndi a parent parent BASF akuphwanya malamulo otetezera ogulitsa poyesa kuletsa kufalitsa zotsatira za kafukufuku wa Dr. Dong, zomwe zinasonyeza kuti dzina lachidziwitso ndi lopikisana mankhwala a levothyroxine anali ofanana ndi chizindikiro cha Synthroid ponena za mphamvu komanso chitetezo cha odwala chithokomiro.
Dr. Dong anauza Journal of the American Medical Association kuti maphunzirowa anachotsedwa kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi kampani ya mankhwala. Knoll adaganiziranso kusuta bukulo kuti liyimitse kufalitsa kwa phunzirolo.
Sutuyi inati anthu omwe amavomerezawo amabisala kapena kutaya zinthu zokhudzana ndi mankhwala otsika mtengo a bioequivalent ndi mankhwala a generic levothyroxine, akuyimira zabodza kuti panalibe zofanana ndi Synthroid , ndipo kotero ogulitsa ambiri kuposa momwe akanafunira ngati akadadziwa kuti kulibe mtengo njira zina.
Msonkhano Wachigawo Wachigawo Wachigawo Wachigwirizano
Zochita zoyambirira motsutsana ndi Knoll zinali za mtengo wapatali mpaka madola 8.5 biliyoni. Panthawiyo mu 2000, msika wa levothyroxine unali wokwana madola 600 miliyoni pachaka. Komabe, kuthetsa kwawoko kunapangidwa kwapang'ono kwambiri kuposa otsutsa omwe anafunidwa.
Lachiwiri, pa August 8, 2000, Knoll Pharmaceutical Company inalengeza kuti Woweruza Elaine Bucklo wa Khoti Lachigawo la US ku Northern District wa Illinois anapereka chivomerezo chomaliza cha mlandu wa Synthroid.
Ndalama zochokera ku akaunti yakugonjetsa, yomwe ya June 30, 2000, inali ndi madola 91 miliyoni kuphatikizapo chiwongoladzanja (ndalama zochepa za oimira zamalamulo) zinasankhidwa kuti zilipidwe kwa ogula omwe adawagulitsa ngati chigamulo ndi kuvomereza kumasula zifukwa zonse motsutsana ndi Knoll.
Chiwerengero cha ndalama zokwana madola 46 miliyoni kuphatikizapo chiwongoladzanja (ndalama zochepa za amilandu ndi ndalama) zinali zoti zilipidwe kwa mamembala a gulu la anthu omwe amalipira.
Pa nthawiyi, Knoll anaganiza kuti anthu 778,000 adzalandira malipiro pafupifupi $ 111 pokhapokha atayamba kutenga Synthroid pamaso pa January 1, 1995, komanso pafupifupi $ 74 aliyense atayamba kutenga Synthroid pambuyo pa January 1, 1995. Malipiro amayenera kutumizidwa patsogolo kumapeto kwa 2000 ngati palibe zopempha. Komabe, maofesiwa adatumizidwa, ndipo midziyi inachedwa kuchepetsedwa.
Pamapeto pake, ma checked potsiriza adatumizidwa kwa odwala mu kugwa kwa 2003. Panthawi imeneyo, webusaitiyi yopatulira kupereka zokhudzana ndi mlandu ndi kukhazikitsidwa inachotsedwa ndikuchotsedwa mzere.
Mawu ochokera
Chigamulo chotsutsana ndi kampani ya Synthroid Knoll Pharmaceuticals ndi kholo la BASF kampaniyo sinali yokhudzidwa kapena yogwira ntchito ya Synthroid. Mankhwalawa nthawi zonse ankawoneka otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima. Lamuloli linatsutsa malonda akuti Synthroid-brand levothyroxine inali yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa mankhwala ena a levothyroxine, komanso kuti kampaniyo inayikira kwambiri Synthroid pogwiritsa ntchito zifukwa zabodza.