Nkhumba imafalikira ndi matenda a variola ndipo siinawonekere mwachilengedwe kulikonse padziko lapansi kuyambira 1977. Ndipotu, ambiri othandizira zaumoyo omwe akuchita masiku ano sadaonepo chenicheni cha nthomba mmalo mwawo. Kufufuza kumakhala kovuta, makamaka chifukwa dokotala aliyense amene akuwona vuto loyamba la nthomba amayamba kutenga nkhuku poyamba.
Kuyeza kwa zizindikiro ndi kuyezetsa magazi kumathandizira kutsimikizira kuti akudwala matendawa.
Nkhumba vs. Chickenpox
Nthomba, monga ma poxviruses ena, ali ndi zilonda zomwe zingaphimbe thupi lonse. Madokotala sangayambe kupeza matenda a nthomba mpaka zilonda zikhale zoonekeratu. Panthawi imeneyo, osowa zaumoyo adzayesera kupeza mbiri ya matendawa asanayambe mavenda.
Kuti mudziwe kusiyana pakati pa nthomba ndi nkhuku, wothandizira zaumoyo adzayang'ana mapangidwe a zilonda ngati chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri.
- Nkhumba: Zilonda ndizovuta ndipo zimamveka bwino. Zilonda zonse zidzakula pamlingo womwewo ndipo zidzakhalanso zofanana pakupanga ndi kukhazikika. Nthawi zina, zilondazo zimakhala ndi phokoso laling'ono pa korona yawo, yotchedwa umbilical mapangidwe. Ziphuphu zapakhungu nthawi zambiri zisanafike masiku amodzi kapena anayi ndi malungo a madigiri oposa 101. Zilondazi zidzagawidwa m'manja ndi nkhope ndikuwonekera pazanja ndi m'mapazi a mapazi.
- Chickenpox: Zilonda sizitchulidwa bwino ndipo zidzakhala pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za chitukuko. Iwo sali olimba ndipo adzachotsa mosavuta. Sipadzakhalanso malungo asanayambe zilonda. Zilondazi zikhoza kuwonekera poyamba pamtundu m'malo mwa manja ndi nkhope. Sadzapezeka kawirikawiri pamanja kapena pamapazi.
Ngati inu kapena wina m'banja mwanu muli ndi zilonda zomwe zikuwoneka ngati nkhuku kapena nthomba, onani wothandizira zaumoyo. Palibe chithandizo chapakhomo cha mtundu uliwonse ndi nthomba, ngakhale kuti sizingakhale zovuta kwambiri, zingakhale zovuta kwambiri zachipatala.
Zing'onozing'ono motsutsana ndi Small Smallpox
Pofuna kudziwa bwino kadoba, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwa matendawa pakati pa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi akuluakulu ndi aang'ono. Nkhumba yaikulu imakhala ndi anthu oposa 30 peresenti pamene nthomba yaying'ono ili ndi pafupifupi 1%.
- Nkhumba yaikulu imakhala ndi masiku 1 mpaka 4 a malungo a madigiri 101 kapena kuposa chisanafike chiyambi cha zilonda. Zilondazo zidzakhala zakuya komanso zovuta, mwinamwake ndi kupsinjika pa korona. Zilonda zonsezi zidzakhala zofanana ndikukula ndipo zidzagawidwa thupi lonse, mwina kukhala osokonezeka, kutanthauza kuti iwo aikidwa pafupi kwambiri popanda khungu loyera pakati pawo. Zilonda zapachikombo zomwe zimasokoneza nkhope zimakhala ndi anthu ambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Zilonda zapachikombo zomwe zimakhala zovuta pa thunthu ndi nkhope zimakhala zakufa kwambiri.
- Thumba la tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tingathe kukhala ndi malungo asanayambe zilonda. Zilondazi zimakhala zovuta kuti ziwoneke pa mikono, nkhope, palmu, mapazi, ndi mkati. Mofanana ndi nthomba yaikulu (ndipo mosiyana ndi nkhuku) zotupazo zidzakhala zovuta komanso zozungulira. Zilonda zimakula pamadera omwewo koma zimakhala zocheperapo kusiyana ndi nthawi ya nthomba yaikulu, kusuntha pakati pa magawo (kutuluka, kutsekemera, kuthamanga kwambiri) pa mlingo umodzi kapena masiku awiri pa siteji. Wodwala wa nthomba yaying'ono angawoneke kukhala yopanda malire ndipo alibe mphamvu (yovuta).
Othandizira zaumoyo akuyang'ana zizindikiro zilizonse za nthomba kapena zizindikiro zinayi za nthomba yaying'ono kuti athe kudandaula kwambiri ndi nthomba monga matenda.
Ngati wodwala akuganiza kuti ali ndi nthomba, dokotala akhoza kuitanitsa kuyezetsa magazi kwa matenda a variola. Ngati mayeso ali abwino, nthomba imatsimikiziridwa. Ngati mayesowa ndi olakwika, kachilombo ka TB si matenda.
Kusanthula Kusiyanasiyana
Ma poxviruses ena amatha kufanana ndi momwe kapangidwe ka nthomba kamayang'ana koma sizowopsa kuposa nkhumba. Zina mwa izi ndi zogwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda a variola.
Orthopoxviruses
Pali zochepa zochepa zamatenda (infects zinyama ndi anthu) matembenuzidwe a orthopoxvirus, banja la tizilombo lomwe limaphatikizapo variola, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a nthomba.
Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati nthomba ndipo zimakhala zofanana. Zina zingakhale zovuta.
- Cowpox imakhudza ng'ombe zonse ndi anthu. Asanayambe katemera (omwe amachokera ku liwu lachilatini kwa ng'ombe) anali kufalikira, alimi angayambe kupanga mavitamini a variola mwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chithokomiro.
- Katemera ndi kachilombo kamene kamakhudza ng'ombe ndipo ndi kachilombo koyambitsa katemera wa nthomba.
- Monkeypox ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi nthomba ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri kudziko lina ku Africa. Ali ndi chiŵerengero cha imfa cha 1 mpaka 8 peresenti.
- Camelpox imakhudza ngamila ndipo imatha kuwoloka kwa anthu.
- Buffalopox imagwirizana kwambiri ndi katemera ndipo imapezeka ku India.
Chifukwa chakuti katemera wa tizilombo anaimitsidwa mu 1980, anthu adatetezeka ku chitetezo osati kwa kabokosi kokha komanso kwa ambiri a zoxos poxviruses.
Varicella ndi Herpes-Zoster
Chickenpox kwenikweni ndi matenda a mwana kuchokera ku varicella-zoster virus. Ana samakhala ndi malungo kapena zizindikiro zina zisanachitike. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zilonda za nkhuku sizing'ono kwambiri kuposa za nthomba ndipo sizingatheke kuoneka pazanja kapena pamapazi.
Mphuno (herpes-zoster) ndi kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a varicella ndipo amapezeka makamaka okalamba. Zilonda za mitsempha zimakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri ndipo nthawi zonse zimakhala mbali imodzi ya thupi (osagwirizana).
> Zotsatira:
> Cann, J., Jahrling, P., Hensley, L., & Wahl-Jensen, V. (2013). Matenda Oyerekezera a Nthomba ndi Monkeypox mu Man and Macaques. Journal Of Kufanizitsa Matenda , 148 (1), 6-21. do: 10.1016 / j.jcpa.2012.06.007
> Damon, I., Damaso, C., & McFadden, G. (2014). Kodi Tilipo Pano? Agenda Ofufuza Zagululofe pogwiritsa ntchito Variola Virus. Plos Pathogens , 10 (5), e1004108. lembani: 10.1371 / magazini.ppat.1004108
> Z. Jezek, J. (1987). Nthomba ndi ndondomeko yake yowonongeka. Bulletin ya World Health Organization , 65 (4), 425.
> Gululo la pulasitiki mu nthawi yothetsa nthawi. WHO Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2016 May 20; 91 (20): 257-64. Chingerezi, Chifalansa.
> Shchelkunova, GA, & Shchelkunov, SN (2017). Zaka 40 popanda Chopopera. Acta Naturae , 9 (4), 4-12.
> Shchelkunov, S. (2013). Mowonjezereka wa Zoonotic Orthopoxvirus Infections. Plos Pathogens , 9 (12), e1003756. lembani: 10.1371 / magazini.ppat.1003756