Mfundo Zokhudza Kutsekula kwa Chiwindi cha Viral Hepatitis
Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda a hepatitis kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda , chiwindi cha hepatitis, mafuta a chiwindi, chiwindi cha hepatitis, ndi chiwindi cha poizoni, chomwe chimatanthawuza kuti pali njira zambiri zomwe munthu angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala kapena matenda a chiwindi. Njira yokha ya chiwindi yomwe imatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndi kachilombo ka chiwindi, koma momwe mavairasi amafalitsira nthawi zambiri samamvetsetsedwa bwino.
Mitundu ya Viral Hepatitis
Pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya chiwindi chotchedwa hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV), ndi hepatitis E (HEV). Izi zinati, pakhala pali vuto la kutsekula kwa chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi omwe sungakhalepo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu isanu ya mavairasi a chiwindi, mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena matenda omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azifufuza.
Ngakhale kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sitinakhazikitsidwe, akatswiri apeza mitundu itatu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mavairasi omwe amagwirizana nawo), omwe amachitcha kuti hepatitis F (HFV), hepatitis G (HFG), ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana ( TTV). Monga matenda atsopano ndi zowonongeka kwa mavairasi, chidziwitso chokhudza iwo komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito n'chosowa. Koma tikudziwa kuti matenda a TTV amangokhala ndi chiwindi mwa anthu omwe adayika magazi .
Njira Zowonekera: Kutumiza kwa Hepatitis A ndi Hepatitis E
Mavairasi a Hepatitis A ndi a hepatitis E (HAV ndi HEV) onse amawotchedwa ndi enteric, omwe ndi operekera zakudya kapena amadzimadzi. Izi zimadziwikanso ngati njira yamakamwa. Kuti mudziwe kuti muli ndi mavairasi awa, muyenera kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
Ngakhale kuti pali njira zingapo zomwe njirayi imakhazikitsire, vuto loyera ndi zosasamala m'mayiko ena zimapangitsa kuti mavitaminiwa apite patsogolo.
Zotsatira zake, mbali zina za dziko lapansi, monga India, Bangladesh, ndi Central ndi South America, zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a hepatitis E. Pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa atatu aliwonse a ku United States akhala akudwala kachilombo ka hepatitis A.
Zimakhulupirira kuti kachilombo ka hepatitis F (HFV) kangathenso kufalikira ndi njira zovomerezeka.
Njira Zowonongeka: Kutumiza kwa Hepatitis B, Hepatitis D, ndi Hepatitis C
Matenda a Hepatitis B, C, ndi D (HBV, HCV, ndi HDV) onse amafalitsidwa ndi omwe amadziwika kuti njira ya parenteral. Kugonana kumangotanthauza kuti mavairasiwa akhoza kulumikizidwa ndi njira zonse kupatula kudzera m'matumbo, omwe amachititsa kuti chitseko chikhale chotseguka potsatirika. Tiyeni tiyang'ane njira zomwe zingatengeke ndi matenda a chiwindi.
Momwe HBV imafalikira
Ndizotheka kuti kachilombo ka hepatitis B kafalikire kudzera m'madzi a thupi la munthu wodwala matenda, kutanthauza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kangathe kupatsirana kudzera mwazi, thukuta, misozi, sopo, nyemba, saliva, zobisika za m'mimba, kumaliseche, komanso mkaka wa m'mawere.
Izi zikuti, kukhala ndi chiwindi cha B sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi kachilomboka; anthu ena omwe ali ndi HBV kwenikweni amakhala ochilomboka.
Mipata yowonekera kungaphatikizepo kugawana sitiroko kapena kutenga zizindikiro kapena kupyola thupi ndi zipangizo zowononga. Koma zikutanthauzanso kuti n'zotheka kufotokozedwa pa nthawi yobereka komanso kugonana ndi kugonana. Ndipotu pafupifupi pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse a matenda a hepatitis B ku United States amayamba chifukwa cha kugonana.
Ngakhale kuti HBV ikhoza kufalikira kupyolera mwazi, kawirikawiri sizingatheke kutenga kachilombo ka HIV kudzera m'magazi pamene mayiko ambiri ayamba kufufuzapo mu 1975.
Momwe HCV Imafalikira
Vuto la hepatitis C likufalikira makamaka kudzera mwazi kuti likhale ndi magazi, kutanthauza kuti munthu akhoza kutenga kachilombo ka magazi ayenera kuti magazi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adziwidwe m'magazi a munthu wina.
Choncho, monga matenda a chiwindi (B), kuikidwa magazi (isanafike chaka cha 1990 mu nkhaniyi), kulembera zizindikiro ndi kuboola thupi, kugwira ntchito, ntchito zachipatala, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Mosiyana ndi matenda a hepatitis B, komabe kugonana ndi kubala kwa mwana kumasonyezedwa kuti ndi njira yoperewera ya HCV.
Vuto la hepatitis G likuganiziridwa kuti lifalitsidwe mofanana ndi HCV.
Kutumiza kwa HDV
Matenda a hepatitis D amafalitsidwa mofanana ndi chiwindi cha hepatitis B. Hepatitis D, komabe, ikhoza kukhalapo ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B. Vuto la HDV lingagwidwe panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi HBV (yomwe imadziwika kuti co-infection). Matendawa amadziwika kuti amachotsa thupi (90% mpaka 95%). Ena amatenga kachilombo ka HIV pamtunduwu pamene ali kale ndi kachirombo ka HBV (komwe kumatchedwa superinfection). Pazochitika izi, 70% mpaka 95% amatha kukhala ndi matenda aakulu a chiwindi.
Zotsatira:
Palmer, Melissa. Matenda a Chiwindi a Chiwindi. Chimene muyenera kudziwa. New York: Gulu la Avery Publishing, 2000.
CDC Center for Disease Control
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