Kawirikawiri Zimapezeka, Zokometsera, Zomwe Zimamera, ndi Xenoestrogens
Estrogen ndi hormone yofunikira yolamulira kusintha kwa thupi la mkazi. Zina mwa kusintha kumeneku ndi zabwino kwambiri, monga kusunga mafupa anu amphamvu koma kungathandizenso kukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere. Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maantirogeni omwe amapangidwa mkati mwa thupi la mkazi, maantirogeni, mapuloteni otchedwa estrogens, ndi xenoestrogens?
Estrogens ndi chiyani?
Estrogen si mankhwala amodzi okha koma m'malo mwake ndi gulu la mahomoni omwe amachititsa kukula kwa amayi ndi luso lokhala ndi ana.
Estrogen imathandizanso kuti muzisunga nthawi , imateteza mafupa kupatulira, ndipo imasunga makilogalamu otsika kuti muteteze mtima wanu. Ngakhale estrogen ndi hormone yachibadwa ndi yofunikira, estrogen nthawi zina ingathandize kutembenukira kumatenda a khansa ku khansa.
Sikuti onse estrogens amapangidwa mu thupi la mkazi, komabe, ndipo mumadziŵa ndi maantirogens opangira ma ARV ndi ma ARV. Mndandandawo sumaima pamenepo. Pali phytoestrogens yomwe imangotanthauziridwa kukhala "plant estrogens" komanso xenoestrogens, estrogens yabwino yomwe ikhoza kukhala mu chirichonse kuchokera pulasitiki mpaka kuipitsa.
Estrogens zachilengedwe mu Thupi lachikazi
Mitundu ya estrogen mu thupi la mkazi imasiyana malinga ndi momwe iye aliri wamwamuna kapena wamwamuna. Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya estrogen mkati mwa thupi lanu zomwe zimapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Estrogens Pre-Menopausal
- Estrone (E1): Estrone ndi opangidwa m'mimba mwake. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa thupi, estrone imasungidwa mu mafuta a thupi ndi maselo a minofu. Azimayi omwe ali ndi mafuta ambiri a thupi adzalinso ndi kutentha kwa nthawi yopuma, ngakhale thupi lawo likusunga Estrone zambiri kuposa akazi ochepa. Estrone akupanga pansi pamene ali ndi pakati, zomwe zimachepetsa moyo wako wonse ku estrogen. (Ndi chifukwa chake mimba ili ndi chitetezo chotsutsana ndi chitukuko cha khansa ya m'mawere).
- Estradiol (E2): Monga estrone, estradiol imapangidwira m'mimba mwake. Pakati pa mimba, pamakhala kuchepa pang'ono kwa estradiol.
- Estriol (E3): Estriol amapangidwa ndi placenta pa nthawi ya mimba. Mtundu uwu wa estrogen umapangidwa mowonjezereka kwambiri, kuposa estrone kapena estradiol, panthawi ya mimba. Kukonzekera kwachangu ndi chizindikiro cha thanzi la mwana wanu
Estrogens Amunaopausal
Pamene mukuyandikira kusamba kwa thupi , mazira anu amatha kuchepa (atrophy) ndikupanga estrogen ndi progesterone zidzasinthasintha panthawiyi. Ndizigawo zochepa za mahomoni ameneŵa omwe amachititsa kuwala kutentha , nthawi zosasinthasintha, kutuluka kwa usiku, kusinthasintha maganizo ndi zizindikiro zina. Madokotala akhoza kuthandizira matendawa ndi ma ARV (HRT) kwa kanthaŵi kochepa, koma ntchito yayitali yakhala ikukhudzidwa ndi ngozi yowopsa ya khansa ya m'mawere.
Pambuyo pa kuchepa kwa thupi, androgens (mahomoni aamuna) opangidwa ndi adlandal glands amasandulika mu ziwalo mu estrogen. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika kwa amayi omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere yotchedwa estrogen receptor-positive. Enzyme (mapuloteni) omwe amachititsa kuti isrogen isinthe ndi kutchedwa aromatase. Matenda a khansa ya m'mimba otchedwa aromatase inhibitors (monga Aromasin, Arimidex, ndi Femara) amalepheretsa zochita za ma enzyme kotero kuti estrogen sichitha kupangidwa.
Estrogens Inapangidwa Kunja kwa Thupi
Pali mitundu itatu yaikulu ya estrogen yopangidwa kunja kwa thupi lanu. Zina zimalengedwa ndi zomera, zina zimakhala m'chilengedwe, ndipo mtundu wachitatu umaphatikizapo zomwe zimapangidwira mwalabu.
Phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens ndi zomera zotchedwa estrogens zomwe zimapezeka mu zomera ndi botanicals. Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi estrogen-monga zotsatira m'thupi lanu pamene muwajambulira. Zotsatira za zomera zotchedwa estrogens ndi zofooka kwambiri kuposa ma estrojeni opangidwa ndi mazira ochuluka koma akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zachipatala.
Zimasokoneza kukamba za zomera zam'mimba. Kudziwa estrogen kumayenderana ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'mawere, kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti musadye zomera? Zimathandiza kumvetsetsa kuti estrojeni zochokera ku zomera zimagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi timadzi timene timayambira. Mu matupi athu, phytoestrogens ikhoza kukhala ndi yesrogen-ngati kapena anti-estrogen zotsatira malinga ndi minofu yeniyeni.
Zingakhale zophweka kufotokoza izi mwa kuwona mmene mankhwala a kansa ya m'mawere amamuthandizira. Pamene amayi omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya mthenda yotchedwa premenopausal-receptor-positive, mankhwalawa akhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kubwereza. Tamoxifen imamangiriza kwa receptors koma imakhala ndi zotsatira za estrogen pamagulu ena ndi zotsatira zotsutsa-estrogen kwa ena. Ndi maselo a m'mawere (ndi maselo a khansa ya m'mawere), tamoxifen imamanga pa recepor estrogen kuti isrogen isamangidwe. Izi zimalepheretsa estrogen kumangirira ndi kukulitsa kukula kwa chotupacho. Mu ziwalo zina, komabe zingakhale ndi zotsatira za estrogen. Chifukwa cha pro-isrogen yake imakhudza mafupa, imatha kugwira bwino kulimbitsa mafupa ofanana ndi momwe masoka a estrogen amachitira.
Zomera zina zomwe zimakhala ndi phytoestrogens zimakhala ndi soya, nsalu zofiira, nyemba, zotsukira, ndi mafakitale. Pali zakudya zina zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi phytoestrogens zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a menopausal. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zina mwa mankhwalawa sizimagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi amayi omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mawere kapena pangozi yowonjezera matendawa.
Xenoestrogens
Xenoestrogens imachokera ku mankhwala omwe alipo m'deralo, ambiri mwa iwo ndi petrochemicals. Xenoestrogens ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuposa isrogen thupi lanu limapanga, ndipo kuyang'ana kwambiri kwa izi zowonongeka monga tizilombo kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo pa thanzi lanu. Xenoestrogens ali m'gulu la mankhwala omwe amatchedwa osokoneza mapeto omwe amachititsa chidwi ndi kudera nkhawa momwe zimakhudzira thupi la munthu pa kukula ndi chitukuko. Bisphenol-A yomwe imapezeka m'maplastiki ena ndi chitsanzo chimodzi.
Ngakhale kufufuza sikunthunthu, pali umboni wakuti zina mwa mankhwalawa zingasokoneze chitukuko chogonana, kubereka, ndipo zingakhale chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi xenoestrogens tsiku ndi tsiku. Amapezeka m'mapulasitiki, magetsi, mankhwala, zakudya, sopo, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Malo athu (madzi, mpweya, dothi ndi zomera) akuyipitsidwa ndi xenoestrogens kuchokera kumapangidwe okonzeka komanso kutaya mankhwala omwe ali ndi xenoestrogens.
Synthetic Estrogens
Makina otchedwa estrogens amapangidwa ndi makampani opanga mankhwala ndipo amaphatikizapo mawonekedwe a estrogen otchedwa Ethinyl estradiol . Zosakaniza zotchedwa estrogens, monga xenoestrogens, zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa maantirogeni. Amapezeka m'magulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mapiritsi oletsa kubereka komanso mankhwala othandizira ena.
Zisanafike chaka cha 2002, mankhwala opatsirana am'madzi (HRT) adayikidwa pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri ankawona ngati mapiritsi ozizwitsa omwe amatha kuchepetsa ukalamba. Ndizothandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro za mitsempha ya m'mimba monga kutentha ndi kutentha kwa umuna, komanso kumawoneka ndi kuthandizira ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu panthawi yopuma. Kuwonjezera pa kuchepetsa matenda a menopausal, idakondwerera chifukwa chotha kuchepetsa kupepuka kwa fupa, komanso kuganiza kuti phindu la matenda a mtima ndi Alzheimer's.
Phunziro la Women's Health Initiative lofalitsidwa mu 2002 linali loopsya kwa amayi ndi madokotala awo mofanana. Mankhwala odabwitsa omwe kale anali opindulitsa chifukwa cha matenda a minofu analibe phindu lochepetsa matenda a mtima ndi zilonda. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri pa zonsezi chinali chakuti HRT kwenikweni yowonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Chitsimikizo cha kupeza izi, chiwerengero cha matenda atsopano a khansa ya m'mawere chinayamba kuchepa pamene amayi ambiri anasiya kutenga HRT.
Estrogens ndi Kachiza ka khansa ya m'mimba
Estradiol imachulukitsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere m'mayi am'mbuyo amantha.
Mankhwala oletsa kubereka amatha kukhala ndi estrogen, ndipo pali machenjezo ena pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa. Kwa amayi omwe ali pachiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere, kuberekera kwa amayi kungabweretse chiopsezo. Mankhwala oletsa kubadwa amakhalanso (koma kawirikawiri) amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zikwapu ndi mazira a magazi (deep vein thrombosis).
Masekondi otsika a estrogen ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya m'mawere. Kukhala ndi mwana woyamba asanakwanitse zaka 30 ndikukhala ndi ana ambiri kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chotsika (chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa estrogens pa nthawi ya mimba). Komabe, zokhuza kuti mimba imakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya m'mawere pamzere, koma vuto lalikulu lomwe limakhalapo pakulera kubereka ndilopamwamba kuposa amayi omwe sanabereke.
Ngakhale madokotala asagwiritse ntchito magulu a estrogen kuti apeze chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere, nkofunika kuzindikira udindo wa mahomoni awa pochititsa khansa. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino la estrojeni, madokotala amalangiza kuti mutenge njira zochepetsera chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere:
- Khalani ndi kulemera kwabwino
- Pewani kumwa mowa wanu
- Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse
- Pewani mankhwala opatsirana opatsirana pogonana ngati dokotala akuganiza kuti muli pachiopsezo
- Sungani maso anu ndi makutu anu kuti mudziwe zambiri za xenoestrogens. Ambiri mwa mankhwalawa ndi ovuta kupewa, koma tcheru kufikira tidziwa zambiri kuti ndizanzeru. Pali kafukufuku wochuluka womwe ukupitirira ndipo tidzakhala tikukumva zambiri muzaka zikubwerazi. Maphunziro monga omwe akuyang'ana Bisphenol-A yomwe imayambitsa matenda ena a khansa ya m'mawere imasonyeza kuti ntchito ya xenoestrogens mu kuyamwitsa khansa ya m'mawere imafunika kuyang'anitsitsa mosakayikira kokha ngati nsonga ya madzi oundana.
- Ngati mukuganiza zokonzekera kumwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, lankhulani ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala yemwe waphunzira zowonjezereka. Palinso madokotala omwe athandiza kwambiri kuphatikiza njira zowonjezerekazi ndi mankhwala ochiritsira omwe angathe kukuthandizani kumvetsa zoopsa ndi zopindulitsa.
Zotsatira:
> Fucic, A., Gamulin, M., Ferencic, Z. et al. Zochitika Zachilengedwe kwa Xenoestrogens ndi Estrogen Cancers Yogwirizana: Njira Yoberekera, Amabere, Mamimba, Impso, Pancreas, ndi Ubongo. Environmental Health . 2012. 11Suppl 2): S8.
> Nagaprashantha, L., Adhikari, R., Singhal, J. et al. Mamasulidwe Omasuliridwa a Zachilengedwe Zachilengedwe Zachilengedwe ndi Agent Targeted Kuphatikizidwa mu Khansa ya m'mimba. International Journal ya Cancer . 2017 Oct 4. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).
Fuhrman BJ, Schairer C, Gail MH, et al. "Estrogen metabolism ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere m'mayi am'maiko am'magazi". National Cancer Institute. 2012, 326-339.
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