Ngakhale kuti matenda osowa, okalamba amakhalabe oopsa monga kale
Lingaliro lenileni la mliri wa bubonic ndi chinthu chomwe timayanjana ndi Mibadwo Yamdima pamene makumi amamiliyoni anaphedwa pambuyo pa "Black Death" yomwe inadutsa Asia, Africa, ndi Europe m'zaka za zana la 14. Mofanana ndi nthomba ndi polio, ambiri a ife tinkaganiza kuti mliriwu wakhala ngati mabuku a mbiriyakale, chakudya cha masewero ovala zovala.
Osati choncho, amati matenda oletsa akatswiri, omwe ayamba kuwonanso kachiwiri kwa matendawa posachedwapa.
Kuyamba koyamba kumeneku kunachitika mu 1994 ku India, komwe kunapha anthu 56 ndi kuchipatala kuchipatala oposa 600. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, mliriwu wakhala ukudziwika bwino ku Democratic Republic of Congo (65 kufa mu 2005), Madagascar (makumi asanu ndi awiri (69) akufa mu 2014 ndi 57 ena mu 2017), ngakhalenso mbali za US (imfa zinayi ndi matenda 16 mu 2015).
Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa June 2017, amwenye awiri a New Mexico anapeza kuti ali ndi mliriwu, kuwonjezereka kwa matenda opitirira 600 omwe akuyembekezera padziko lonse lapansi.
Kutumiza
Mliri wa bubonic ndi matenda omwe angawathandize chifukwa cha mabakiteriya Yersinia pestis . Matendawa amafalikira ndi kulumidwa kwa nthata ( Xenopsylla cheopis ) yomwe imachititsa kuti nyumbayi ikhale ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono monga makoswe, mbewa, ndi agologolo. Chifukwa mabakiteriya alibe vuto kwa utitiri, ali ndi galimoto yabwino yomwe ingatengeke mwachindunji kuchokera ku zinyama kupita kwa anthu .
Kuwonjezera pa makoswe ang'onoang'ono monga chipmunks ndi agalu odyera , Yersinia pestis amapezeka mu ziweto zazikulu kuphatikizapo akalulu, opossum, coyotes zakutchire, ngakhalenso agalu ndi anyamata omwe agwirizana ndi makoswe.
Zizindikiro
Pamene munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka Y. pestis , mabakiteriya amayenda kudzera mu mitsempha yotchedwa lymphatic system ndipo amatha kukhala m'makina am'mimba omwe amachititsa opweteka, otentha monga boboes. Izi zimachitika masiku amodzi kapena asanu ndi awiri akuwonetseredwa ndipo zingaperekedwe ndi:
- Chills
- Kutentha kwakukulu
- Kufooka kwakukulu
- Ululu
- Kupuma kwapuma
- Mitsempha ya minofu
- Kuthamanga magazi
- Zilonda zazing'ono, zala, milomo, ndi mphuno
- Kutsegula ma boboes otupa
- Kugonjetsa
Mliri wa bubonic umapha anthu 60 peresenti mpaka 90 peresenti, makamaka masiku khumi.
Mitundu Ina ya Mliriwu
Njira ya matenda imatha kusiyana ndi anthu odwala Y. pestis. M'malo moyendayenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mabakiteriya angalowe m'thupi mwa njira zina ndikupanga zizindikiro zosiyana. Mwa mitundu yosazolowereka ya matendawa
- Mliri wa pneumonic umachitika pamene mabakiteriya akufalikira m'mapapu, kawirikawiri pamene munthu wodwala amatsokomola kapena akuwombera wina. Kawirikawiri, amaonedwa kuti ndi mliri woopsa kwambiri, zomwe zimachititsa kuti chiphuphu chiwonjezeke msanga, kupweteka pamtima, ndi magazi kapena madzi, ngati mliri wa pneumonic sungathe kuchitidwa, ukhoza kuyambitsa kupuma ndi kufa, kawirikawiri mkati mwa maora 36.
- Mliri wamatenda umachitika pamene mabakiteriya amapeza njira mwachindunji m'magazi, nthawi zambiri kupyola kapena kupweteka pakhungu. Ndiwo mtundu wambiri wa matendawa ndipo mosakayikira ndi wowawa kwambiri. Zizindikiro zimakhala zofanana ndi mliri wa bubonic koma ukhoza kuphatikizapo kutuluka kwa magazi pansi pa khungu. Imfa imakhala yosapeŵeka ngati mankhwala saperekedwa mkati mwa maola 24.
Kuzindikira ndi Chithandizo
Mliri wa bubonic umapezeka ndi kuyendetsa mabala a mabala pamatope, magazi, msana wam'mimba, kapena matenda opatsirana. M'madera ena padziko lapansi kumene mliriwu umawonekera kwambiri, mayeso ofulumira kwambiri amatha kudziwa mabakiteriya m'magulu khumi ndi awiri.
Chifukwa cha matendawa, madokotala nthawi zambiri amayambitsa mankhwala mosamala pamene akuyembekezera zotsatira za lab. Choyenera, mankhwala ayenera kuyamba mkati mwa maola 24, kawirikawiri monga mawonekedwe a antibayotiki monga streptomycin, doxycycline, kapena tetracycline. Ngati akuchiritsidwa panthaŵi yake, kupulumuka kumawoneka kuchokera pa 85 peresenti mpaka kufika 99 peresenti.
Kupewa
Chofunika kwambiri pofuna kupewa mliri wa bubonic ndiko kupeŵa makoswe kapena nyama zakutchire zomwe zimatha kunyamula utitiri. Ikufunanso kuti muteteze katundu wanu ku zinthu zomwe zimakopera zinyama, monga zitsamba zotseguka kapena minda yosasunthika.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mumakhala kudera limene malo otukuta amapezeka:
- Gwiritsani ntchito utsi wochulukirapo pakhomo pakhomo ndikuvala mathalauza ndi mabotolo ataliatali.
- Musagwire zodwala kapena zinyama zakufa. Ngati muyenera, valani magolovesi olemera.
- Sungani ziweto zanu m'nyumba kapena kuzipereka zitsulo zaminga.
- Chotsani utitiri kunyumba kwanu.
Ngati mukuyenda kumadera ena padziko lapansi kumene kuphulika kwachitika (Madagascar, Peru, Democratic Republic of Congo), fufuzani maulendo oyendayenda musanatuluke ndikubweretsa zinyama zambiri zomwe zili ndi 80% DEET. Pakalipano palibe katemera woteteza mliri wa bubonic.
Mliriwu ndi umodzi mwa matenda opatsirana angapo amene nthawi zonse amafa koma tsopano akhoza kuchiritsidwa. Ngakhale kuti sizodziwika, ndi kofunikira kuti muteteze izi kapena matenda ena opatsirana, ngati typhus, tapeworm, kapena matenda a Lyme .
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. "Mliri: Zothandizira Madokotala." Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa October 15, 2015.
> New York Times. "Mliri Umapezeka ku New Mexico." June 27, 2017.
> Sebbane, F .; Jarrett, C .; Mlimi, D .; et al. "Udindo wa Yersinia pestis plasminogen activator mu mliri wa mitundu yosiyana ya mitsempha yambiri yomwe imayambitsa nthata." PNAS. 2006; 103 (14); 5526-5530.