Epirininal membrane ndi chikhalidwe nthawi zambiri kusokonezeka ndi macular kutaya . Zonsezi zimakhudza macula, mbali yapadera ya retina yomwe imatipatsa maonekedwe ozama, pakati, 20/20 . Komabe, zikhalidwezo ndizosiyana kwambiri ndipo zingayambitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Pali mayina angapo omwe amapezeka pamatenda. Mayina osiyanasiyana amathandiza kufotokozera magawo kapena zovuta za vutoli.
Maina ena owonjezera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza ma eperetinal membrane ndi awa:
- Cellophane maculopathy
- Pre-retinal macular fibrosis
- Pre-retinal retina macular gliosis
- Macular pucker
- Vitreal-macular traction syndrome
Kodi Chikumbumtima cha Eperetine N'chiyani?
Chiwalo cha eperetinal chimakhala chochepa kwambiri, chomwe chimatha kumbuyo kwa retina , kawirikawiri mkati mwa macula. Mbali iyi ingakhale yowonjezereka komanso yovuta kuiwona.
Kwa zaka zambiri, zidutswa zimenezi zinatchedwa cellophane maculopathy chifukwa zinali ngati pulasitiki ya cellophane. Mbanemba imakhala yowonekera, koma mukasankha iyo imakhala yopindika komanso yosaonekera.
Madokotala ena oyang'ana maso amatchula memphane yaperetinal monga pre-retinal retina macular fibrosis, yosonyeza kuti ndi yotani ndipo ndi yotani. Pamene nembanemba ikugwirizanitsa, imatha kuyambitsa macula ndikupotoza pang'ono kapena kutambasula, motero dzina "macular pucker." Pamene vitreous silingathe kuchoka ku macula, koma imagwirizana, macula akhoza kukwezedwa kapena kukwezedwa.
Izi zimatchedwa "vitreal-macular traction syndrome."
Zimayambitsa
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti anthu ambiri omwe amakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV alibe vuto lina lililonse. Ambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwachibadwa komwe kumachitika mu vitreous humor, gel yomwe imadzaza kumbuyo kwa diso.
Vitreous amadzaza 80 peresenti ya diso.
Lili ndi miyendo yambirimbiri yomwe imamangirizidwa ku retina. Pamene tikulamba, vitreous imatha ndipo imachokera pamwamba pa retina. Pamene iyo imachoka, imatchedwa vitreous detachment ndipo ili chabe gawo lachikulire. Ngati wina ali ndi vitreous detachment, nthawi zambiri amawona madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda m'masomphenya awo kapena malo ozungulira. Nthaŵi zina maulendowa amawoneka ngati mabubu omwe angasunthike m'munda wawo.
Nthaŵi zina, pamene vitreous gel imachokera pamwamba pa retina, kuwonongeka pang'ono kumachitika ku retina. Pambuyo pa kuwonongeka, thupi limayesa kuchiritsa malo owonongeka ndipo limapanga tizilombo tating'ono kapena tizilonda tochepa. Minofuyi imatchulidwa ngati memphane. Monga kumalo ena mthupi lathu, nthawi zina izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti nembanemba imeneyi imakhala yogwirizana kwambiri ndi retina, pamene nembanemba imagwirizana, ikhoza kuyambitsa retina kugunda kapena kumira.
Ngati minofuyi ikanakhala mbali ya retina yanu, simungadziwe konse. Komabe, nembanembayi imapangidwira pa macula, mbali yovuta kwambiri ya retina yomwe imakhala ndi masomphenya ozama, omveka bwino, ofunika.
Pamene nembanemba ikugwirizanitsa pa macula, timawona masomphenya olakwika komanso osokonezeka.
Zowopsa
Ndikofunika kufotokoza kuti ambiri a ife omwe tili ndi mawonekedwe otsika apamwamba samapitiriza kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kufala kwa chiwerengero cha eperetinal ku United States kuli pafupifupi 4 peresenti ya anthu ocheperapo 60 ndi 14 peresenti mwa anthu oposa 60. Zaka zakubadwa ndizo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimayambitsa chiwindi cha eperetinal.
Zina mwazidzidzidzi ndizo zotsatirazi:
- Mapulogalamu otsika apamwamba kuchokera ku zoopsa
- Kutsekemera
- Opaleshoni ya maso
- Matenda a shuga
- Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zombo
- Kutupa kwa mkati
Zizindikiro
Mphungu ya epiretinal imayambitsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- Masomphenya a Blurry
- Masomphenya osokonezeka
- Zochepa, zozizira kapena kuwala kwa kuwala
- Masomphenya omwe amapezeka kawiri
- Zolinga zingawone kukula kwakukulu
Zotsatira
Anthu ambiri omwe akudwala matenda a chiberekero nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masomphenya olakwika. Pamene chikhalidwe chikukula, metamorphopsia ikhoza kukula. Metamorphopsia ndi mawu ofotokoza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kusokonezeka kwa masomphenya. Mwachitsanzo, chinthu chikhoza kuwoneka chachikulu kapena chochepa kuposa momwe zilili. Komanso, mzere wolunjika ukhoza kuwoneka wopindika kapena chidutswa cha icho chikhoza kusoweka.
Anthu amene amapanga nembanemba yapamwamba sizingangowononga masomphenya koma masomphenya olakwikawo angakhale osokonezeka kwambiri. Pamene kusokoneza thupi kumapitirira, masomphenya akhoza kugwera ku 20/50 kapena poyipa. Komabe, anthu ena amakhala ndi ziwalo zochepa zaperetinal ndipo sangadziwe kuti ali nazo. Pankhani iyi, nembanemba imakhalapo, koma sizikugwirizanitsa kuti kubwinya kwa retina sikuchitika.
Kawirikawiri, anthu ena amakhala ndi masewera osokoneza maganizo. Masomphenya osokonezeka adzakhalanso ngati ma vitreous samatulutsa ndikuyamba kukoka pa macula. Izi zikachitika, chimbudzi cha macular chingapangidwe. Malingana ndi kukula kwake ndi kukula kwake kwa macular hole , masomphenya ozama kwambiri omwe angayambe kuwonongeka angathe kuchitika.
Kudziwa
Chinthu choyamba pozindikira kuti pamphuno ya epiretinal ndikumaliza kufufuza maso . Masomphenya anu adzayesedwa kuti ayese mlingo wa masomphenya anu. Maso anu adzasungunuka ndi madontho apadera a maso. Mapuloteni anu amatha kuwona ndi nyenyezi yapadera yotchedwa bio-microscope yomwe imatchedwa nyali yowola. Zilonda zapereteni zimawoneka ndi chida ichi.
Poyesa kulemera kwake kwa membrane, chiyeso chotchedwa OCT (optical coherence tomography) chidzachitidwa. OCT imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kuti ziwoneke zosiyana za retina. Mphindi, dokotala wanu amatha kuona momwe memphane ikukhudzira macula. Mwa njira imeneyi, kupita patsogolo kungayang'ane pobwereza zowonongeka ndi kuziyerekeza ndizoyeso kuti ziwone ngati zinthu zikuyenda bwino kapena kuwonjezereka.
Zimene Muyenera Kudziwa
Zambiri za eperetinal membrane zimafuna kuyang'anitsitsa. Ngati kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kamayamba kuchititsa kuti masomphenya awonongeke kwambiri, dokotala wanu wa diso akhoza kukutumizirani katswiri wa retina. Katswiri wa retina akhoza kuchita njira imene membrane imachotsera bwino retina kuti ibwezeretse masomphenya. Ngati dzenje likula mu macula, katswiri wa retina amayesa kukonza dzenje. Kupanga opaleshoni yamakono kumathandizira kubwezeretsa masomphenya ena. Kupambana kwa kukonzanso koweta kumadalira kawirikawiri kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe yakhalapo.
> Chitsime:
> Wong, JG, Sachdev, N., Beaumont, PE, Chang, AA "Zotsatira zowonekera pambuyo pa vitelomyomy ndi kuponderezedwa kwa ma eperetinal membrane." Chiyeso cha Clinic Ophthalmol . 2005; 33: 373-378.