Chimene muyenera kudziwa za mankhwalawa othandizira kupweteka
Mwa mankhwala onse omwe amachititsa kupweteka, morphine sulphate ndi mwina osamvetsetsedwa kwambiri ndi owopsyeza kwambiri. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chithandizo cha kuchipatala ndi kuchiritsa pofuna kuthandiza odwala omwe ali pafupi ndi kutha kwa moyo wawo, nkhaniyi ikufufuza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito morphine madzi kumapeto kwa moyo, komanso morphine m'njira zina, komanso zotsatira zake mankhwala opweteka awa.
Ntchito
Mu maulendo ochepetsetsa komanso opaleshoni, morphine nthawi zambiri imatengedwa ngati "golidi" ya mankhwala opweteka chifukwa amatha kupweteka bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri amalekerera odwala. Komanso, morphine nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo ndipo imapezeka mosavuta m'madera ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, morphine imathandizanso pochiza dyspnea , kapena mpweya wochepa, umene odwala ena angakhale nawo chifukwa cha matenda awo / matenda.
Zotsatira Zotsatira
Monga tanenera kale, morphine nthawi zambiri amalekerera ndi odwala, koma mankhwalawa amachititsanso mavuto ena, komanso oopsa. Zina mwa zotsatira zoyipa za morphine zikuphatikizapo:
- Kutsekedwa
- Kutsekula m'mimba
- Chizungulire
- Kugona
- Kukumverera mutu wamutu
- U psetse m'mimba
- Kuthamanga
Chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa za morphine, muyenera kuuza wothandizira zaumoyo wanu za zizindikirozi kapena zizindikiro zonse ngati wokondedwa wanu akulandira mankhwalawa kuti achepetse ululu wake.
Zina mwa zotsatira za morphine zingathe kuchepetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa chosowa nseru ndi kusanza, kapena chochepetsera choponderetsa.
Zotsatira zoopsa zonse za ntchito ya morphine ziyenera kuuzidwa kwa dokotala mwamsanga, monga:
- Kutsika pang'ono, kosasinthasintha kapena kupuma mosalekeza
- Buluu kapena mtundu wofiirira ku khungu
- Kufulumira kapena kupuma kwa mtima
- Kugonjetsa
- Hallucinations (kuona zinthu kapena mawu akumva omwe kulibe)
- Masomphenya obisika
- Kutaya
- Mikoko
- Rash
- Kuyabwa
- Kukhazikika pammero
- Zovuta kumeza
- Kutupa kwa manja, manja, mapazi, zibowo, kapena miyendo yochepa
Ulamuliro
Morphine imabwera m'njira zambiri, kuphatikizapo madzi kapena mapiritsi, omwe amachititsa kukhala mankhwala ochepetsa kupweteka omwe amakhala nawo nthawi zambiri. Mitundu ya morphine ingaphatikizepo izi:
Makhalidwe Ovomerezeka a Morphine
Mankhwala am'thupi (moraline) amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri powasamalira ndi kupatsa anthu kuchipatala chifukwa ndi zosavuta kupereka. Morphine akhoza kuyang'aniridwa kuti apereke mankhwala akuluakulu a mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito madzi pang'ono. Kuonjezerapo, odwala ena sangathe kumwa mapiritsi chifukwa cha matenda awo kapena kuchepa kwa chidziwitso , kapena chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa za morphine, kawirikawiri amalekerera madzi ang'onoang'ono omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa ululu wawo / kapena kuwachititsa kukhala omasuka.
Yankho la pamlomo / madzi a morphine limayamba kugwira ntchito mofulumira - kawirikawiri mkati mwa mphindi 15 - ndipo limatha pafupifupi maola 4, ngakhale kuti odwala ena angafune kuti morphine ayambe kawirikawiri.
Morphine amakonda zowawa, zomwe zimawonekera kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a madzi motsutsana ndi mapiritsi. Chifukwa madzi amadzimadziwa amaperekedwa mochepa, sizowonjezera kusakaniza morphine ndi zakumwa zina. Odwala ambiri amalekerera kumwa mankhwala okha kapena "kuthamangitsa" ndi zakumwa zawo.
Njira yankho ya morphine iyenera kuperekedwa kokha ndi supuni ya dosing kapena dropper yoperekedwa ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa chakuti ndizofunika kwambiri, ndizofunika kupeza mlingo molondola. Ngati simukudziwa za dosing yoyenera, funsani namwino wanu kapena wothandizira zaumoyo kuti akuwonetseni inu.
Ndimanyamula "botolo lachitsanzo" la morphine ndikukacheza ndi odwala anga. Ngakhale botololi liribe mankhwala enieni, botololi limandipatsa ine kusonyeza momwe ndingagwiritsire ntchito dropper kuti ndipeze mlingo woyenera.
Kompyuta kapena kapule Morphine
Mapiritsi a Morphine amabwera maulendo ofulumira komanso otulutsidwa. Mapiritsi otulutsidwa mofulumira amagwira ntchito mofananamo ndi mankhwala a m'kamwa / mankhwala a morphine chifukwa amagwira ntchito mofulumira koma amangotha maola anayi okha. Mapiritsi otulutsidwa mwamsanga akhoza kuphwanyidwa ndikusakaniza ndi apuloauce kapena pudding kwa odwala omwe akuvutika kumeza mapiritsi kapena kuponderezedwa ndi kuperekedwa kudzera mu chubu la nasogastric (NG) .
Mapiritsi owonjezera (ER kapena XR) angatengedwe maola khumi ndi awiri, ngakhale kamodzi patsiku. Kutulutsidwa kwambiri kwa morphine kumagwiritsidwira ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lopitirira kupweteka kwambiri. Muyenera kufufuza nthawi zonse ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu kapena katswiri wa mankhwala musanaphwanye pulogalamu ya ER kapena kutsegula kapu ya ER. Apo ayi, mukhoza kupereka mlingo wokwera kwambiri.
Njira Zowonjezera Zina
Kuphatikiza pa madzi kapena zolimba, morphine ikhoza kuperekedwanso ngati jekeseni kukhala minofu, monga kulowetsedwa mwachangu (IV) kapena pansi pang'onopang'ono (mkati mwa minofu pansi pa khungu). Ngakhale kuti njira zoterezi sizinali zoyamba kusamalidwa bwino kapena zochepetsetsa mogwirizana ndi mafomu omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, morphine yomwe imayendetsedwa m'njira izi ikhoza kukhala yothandiza, yopweteka kwambiri komanso yopanda pangozi.
Morphine amatha kuperekedwanso ngati suppository (kuikidwa mu rectum) kwa odwala omwe amafunika kuchita nthawi yaitali koma omwe sangathe kumeza morphine mu mawonekedwe a madzi kapena piritsi. Ngati ili ndi mawonekedwe a kubereka wanu wothandizira zaumoyo amalimbikitsa, ndiye dokotala wanu kapena namwino ayenera kusonyeza momwe angaperekere.
Pomaliza, ngati muli ndi nkhawa pogwiritsa ntchito morphine kupweteka kapena kupuma pang'ono (dyspnea), ndiye kuti muyankhule ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu. Iye akhoza kukuthandizani kupeza yankho lomwe liri loyenera kwa inu ndi wokondedwa wanu.
> Zotsatira:
> Kinzbrunner, BM; Weinreb, NJ; Policzer, JS 20 Mavuto Amodzi: Kutha kwa Moyo Care , McGraw-Hill Publishing, 2002.
> Ferrell, BR ndi Coyle, N. Textbook of Palliative Nursing , Oxford University Press, 2006.