Anthu ambiri amathira mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena osagwiritsidwa ntchito mumsampha kapena kuwatsitsa pansi pa chimbuzi kapena kukhetsa. Zida zina za mankhwalawa zimatha m'nyanja, mitsinje, ndi madzi. Malingana ndi US Fish and Wildlife Service, "Kuwononga mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika mwa kuwatsitsa kapena kuwatsanulira pansi kungakhale kovulaza, nyama zakutchire, ndi malo awo."
Kuponya mankhwala mumatope kungakhalenso koopsa, chifukwa kungathe kukhala pakamwa kwa ana kapena ziweto.
Pali njira zingapo zowonetsera bwino mankhwala anu.
- Itanani mankhwala anu apamtunda kuti muwone ngati pali mapulogalamu ogulitsa mankhwala kapena mapulogalamu ovomerezeka omwe akuvomerezedwa m'deralo. Pharmacy yanu ikhoza kutumiza mankhwala atulutsidwa kwa kampani yosungidwa.
- Thirani mankhwala amadzimadzi kapena mapiritsi mu thumba la pulasitiki lokhazikika kapena chopanda kanthu. Onjezerani chinthu monga chida cha kitty, utuchi, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito khofi maziko kuti mankhwalawa asakondweretse ana ndi ziweto. Sindikiza chidebe ndikuchiyika mu zinyalala.
- Musanayambe kubwezeretsanso kapena kuponyera mankhwala anu opanda kanthu, chotsani kapena kuchotsani chizindikiro cha mankhwala kapena chilichonse chaumwini.
Kutaya Mankhwala Oyenera Kuwonongeka Kwambiri
Malinga ndi EPA, ma ARV ena amaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa ndipo amayenera kutayidwa bwino.
Mankhwalawa amatchulidwa ndi Malamulo ndi Malamulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
Nazi zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe EPA ikulamula kuti ikhale yoyenera:
- warfarin
- epinephrine
- phentermine
- physostigmine
- chlorambucil
- Mitomycin C
- kondwerani
- cyclophosphamide
Ndibwino kuti, ndibwino kuti mankhwala onse a mankhwala azitha kuwonedwa ngati zinyalala zoopsa.
Zowopsa zimawotchera koyamba ndipo phulusa limapangidwira ku dothi loopsa. Mankhwala opatsirana omwe amasonkhanitsidwa panthawi yopititsa patsogolo mapulogalamuwa amachotsedwa. Njira ina ndikutengera mankhwala anu ku tsamba lothandizira la DEA.
Ngati palibe mapulogalamu othandizira kapena malo ovomerezeka ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'dera lanu, a FDA amalimbikitsa njira zotsatirazi pakutha mankhwala:
- Sakanizani mankhwala pamodzi koma osawaphwanya.
- Sakanizani mankhwala ndi mankhwala osakwanira ngati dothi kapena zinyalala. (Simukufuna winawake kapena chinachake kuti adye mankhwalawa.)
- Ikani izi zosakaniza za mankhwala ndi dothi kapena chirichonse mu chidebe chosindikizidwa.
- Ponyani chidebe mnyumba yanu.
WHO yakhala ikuyang'ana mu nkhawa kuti pali mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'madzi omwe timamwa. Apeza kuti zinthu zambirizi zimachotsedwa kudzera mu njira zowonetsera madzi. Komanso, WHO inati:
Pakalipano, kusanthula deta yomwe ikupezeka kumasonyeza kuti pali chiwopsezo chachikulu pakati pa kuchepa kwa mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu madzi akumwa ndi mankhwala osachepera omwe amachititsa kuti munthu akhale ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.
Chitsime:
Das R, Marty M, Underwood MC. Kutulutsa Zamagetsi, Kutulutsidwa Mwadzidzidzi, & Kutayika Kowopsa. Mu: LaDou J, Harrison RJ. eds. Kufufuza Koyamba ndi Kuchiza: Ntchito Yopangira Ntchito & Mazingira, 5e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2013.